{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:03:50Z","timestamp":1787018630657,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Drug Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Substance use among college students remains an important public health issue, which may have been exacerbated by the social and behavioral health disturbances resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This investigation employed egocentric social network analysis to assess associations between individual and network-level factors on students\u2019 self-reported changes in substance use behaviors 18 months into the pandemic.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In Fall 2021, an online Qualtrics survey was administered at a large public university in the southwestern United States. Enrolled college students (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009355) completed the survey voluntarily. An egocentric network analysis explored how personal network metrics influence substance use at the individual level. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed individual and network-level factors, relative to changes in students\u2019 substance use behavior patterns. Three distinct models were computed, predicting changes in (1) alcohol consumption, (2) smoking behavior, and (3) recreational drug use.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The majority of respondents reported no change to their smoking\/vaping (54%) and recreational drug use (43%); however, alcohol use increased for a large portion of respondents (41%). When just comparing the overall proportion of respondents who either decreased or increased their substance use during the pandemic, more were found to have increased consumption of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs as opposed to consuming less. For instance, more than half of respondents (56%) indicated their alcohol consumption had increased, while 4 out of every ten respondents indicated their recreational drug use increased. Respondents who increased their substance use during the prior 18 months perceived greater substance use behaviors among peers in their networks.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Future investigations should explore unique network properties and influences on substance use behaviors and changes among college students in higher education institutions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00472379251352054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T03:11:01Z","timestamp":1751425861000},"page":"127-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pandemic Associated Changes in Personal Substance Use and Perceptions of Changes to Peer Substance Use among College Students: A Retrospective Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9748-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas Khurshid","family":"Nabil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Amo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam E.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan S.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2017.1310219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211037894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.56.3.307-316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117116686901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1940-0640-8-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2023.2171300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19375867211013772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Welcome to Q-Bank. Retrieved from https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/qbank\/Home.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30088-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07347324.2021.1917325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6932a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00508-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.106992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000402"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Associations between trait boredom and frequency of Cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use in college students","volume":"6","author":"Doering E. L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Doering E. L., Weybright E., Anderson A. J., Murphy K., Caldwell L. (2023). Associations between trait boredom and frequency of Cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use in college students. Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.), 6(3), 149\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26828\/cannabis\/2023\/000177","journal-title":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2015.1027933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2020.1869750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxh007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167696820986742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anxiety and depression among U.S. College students engaging in undergraduate research during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Grineski S. E.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grineski S. E., Morales D. X., Collins T. W., Nadybal S., Trego S. (2021). Anxiety and depression among U.S. College students engaging in undergraduate research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of American College Health, 1\u201311. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2021.2013237","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-019-00130-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1836435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2016.1245333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220426221107555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2012.00712.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A latent class analysis of mental health severity and alcohol consumption: Associations with COVID-19-related quarantining, isolation, suicidal ideations, and physical activity","author":"Lardier D. T.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lardier D. T. Jr., Zuhl M. N., Holladay K. R., Amorim F. T., Heggenberger R., Coakley K. E. (2022). A latent class analysis of mental health severity and alcohol consumption: Associations with COVID-19-related quarantining, isolation, suicidal ideations, and physical activity. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1\u201324. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-021-00722-9","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on use behavior and risk perceptions of college student E-cigarette users","author":"McLeish A. C.","year":"2023","unstructured":"McLeish A. C., Hart J. L., Walker K. L. (2023). Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on use behavior and risk perceptions of college student E-cigarette users. Journal of American College Health : J of ACH, 1\u20135. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2023.2194441","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health : J of ACH"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08901171211055904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2021.82.178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28161-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.105900"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1462820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316443255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15534510.2011.584445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","unstructured":"The R Foundation. (2022). The R Project for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764204274194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.115925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Strategies for measuring peer alcohol use within egocentric network analysis","author":"Russell A. M.","unstructured":"Russell A. M., Barry A. E., Patterson M. S. (2021a). Strategies for measuring peer alcohol use within egocentric network analysis. Journal of American College Health, 1\u20138. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2021.1965144","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2020.1833929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","first-page":"10.1037\/adb0000","article-title":"Social associations and alcohol consumption in an Australian community sample: An egocentric social network analysis","author":"Russell A. M. T.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Russell A. M. T., Monds L., Hing N., Kroll J., Russell A. M., Thorne H. B. (2023). Social associations and alcohol consumption in an Australian community sample: An egocentric social network analysis. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors :Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 10.1037\/adb0000954. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/adb0000954","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors :Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibab006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2011.00663.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 17","author":"StataCorp","year":"2021","unstructured":"StataCorp. (2021). Stata Statistical Software: Release 17. StataCorp LLC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0001699307077657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195301014.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/156109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.6981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/22817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2020.81.725"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2015.1023452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041795"}],"container-title":["Journal of Drug Education: Substance Use Research and Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00472379251352054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00472379251352054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00472379251352054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:05:41Z","timestamp":1777399541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00472379251352054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00472379251352054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00472379251352054","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2379","1541-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2379","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]}}}