{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T20:28:31Z","timestamp":1790368111483,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Doct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The susceptibility of urinary pathogens to common antibiotics was investigated and the results analysed retrospectively using the WHONET computer program. Of 1776 urine samples (44 catheterized) processed, 510 (28.7%) urinary pathogens were isolated. Of these 510 positive cultures, 455 (89.2%) were Gram-negative bacilli, 45 (8.8%) Candida species and 10 (1.9%) Gram-positive cocci. Of the 44 catheterized samples, 32 (72.7%) yielded significant bacteriuria and these were mainly Gram-negative bacteria (24\/32). The commonest pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli (47.3%) followed by Klebsiella species (10.3%), non-fermenters other than Pseudomonas species (9%), Candida species (8.8%), Providentia species (7%), Pseudomonas species (5.6%), Citrobacter species (3.7%), Enterobacter species (3.3%) and Proteus species (2.5%). The isolation of Gram-negative bacteria among inpatients and outpatients was 71.6% and 28.3%, respectively. The critical care unit, nephrourology, obstetric and gynaecology, medical and surgical wards were found to be high-risk areas constituting 58.7% of the major isolates. The highest and lowest mean resistance among Gram-negative bacteria to common antibiotics was 93.5% to ampicillin and to 61% gentamicin. The mean resistance to norfloxacin, amoxy-clavulanic acid, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefazolin was 65%, 67%, 75.5%, 76% and 77.5%, respectively. The most resistant pathogen to common antibiotics was found to be Proteus species (resistance 80% and above). Overall susceptibility testing demonstrated decreased usefulness of common antibiotics and demonstrates a need for a re-evaluation of common antibiotics used in the therapy for urinary tract infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550203200110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T14:02:31Z","timestamp":1484316151000},"page":"20-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Urinary Pathogens' Resistance to Common Antibiotics: A Retrospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"B V","family":"Navaneeth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Gokula Extension, Bangalore 560054, South India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Belwadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Gokula Extension, Bangalore 560054, South India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Suganthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Gokula Extension, Bangalore 560054, South India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-004947550203200110","first-page":"84","volume":"27","author":"Shroff KJ","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"key":"bibr2-004947550203200110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.Supplement_1.S157"},{"key":"bibr3-004947550203200110","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Mackie and McCartney's Practical Medical Microbiology","volume":"2","author":"Collee JG","year":"1989","edition":"13"},{"key":"bibr4-004947550203200110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"bibr5-004947550203200110","first-page":"355","volume":"75","author":"Deb M","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ind J Med Res"},{"key":"bibr6-004947550203200110","first-page":"95","volume":"13","author":"Ohri VC","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr7-004947550203200110","first-page":"200","volume":"13","author":"Seema S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr8-004947550203200110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.8.736"},{"key":"bibr9-004947550203200110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00158-8"},{"key":"bibr10-004947550203200110","first-page":"587","volume":"69","author":"Onifade EO","year":"1992","journal-title":"E Afr Med J"},{"key":"bibr11-004947550203200110","first-page":"10","volume":"5","author":"Azadian B","year":"1993","journal-title":"Beta-watch"},{"key":"bibr12-004947550203200110","first-page":"553","volume":"6","author":"Fujita J","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"bibr13-004947550203200110","first-page":"14","volume":"17","author":"Veenu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr14-004947550203200110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30311-1"},{"key":"bibr15-004947550203200110","first-page":"205","volume":"15","author":"Bhaginder S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr16-004947550203200110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49891999000900002"},{"key":"bibr17-004947550203200110","first-page":"1436","volume":"160","author":"Allen UD","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"bibr18-004947550203200110","first-page":"36","volume":"5","author":"Expert Group for Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests (EGAST) studies","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J Internal Med"}],"container-title":["Tropical Doctor"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/004947550203200110","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/004947550203200110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:25:37Z","timestamp":1777641937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/004947550203200110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/004947550203200110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/004947550203200110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4755","1758-1133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4755","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}