{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:45:54Z","timestamp":1782139554255,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Doct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Among HIV-infected individuals, skin diseases cause significant morbidity and are frequently the initial indication of immunosuppression. From an on-going cohort study to determine prevalence and incidence of HIV infection among police officers (POs) and their suitability for HIV vaccine trials, a sub-study was carried out to determine the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases among HIV-infected POs and relate this to their immunodeficiency status. Consenting HIV-infected POs and their age and sex-matched HIV-negative officers were assessed for presence and type of skin diseases at their workplaces. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Immunodeficiency was measured by plasma CD4+ lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Between November 1998 and 31 December 2000, 716 POs were assessed. Overall HIV-1 prevalence was 17.7% (127\/716). One hundred and ninety-one POs (26.7%) had at least one skin diagnosis. HIV-infected POs had significantly higher (41.7%) prevalence of skin diseases than HIV-uninfected POs (26.4%), P=0.002. Fungal infections were common in both HIV-infected and uninfected POs. Among the HIV infected, other common diseases were: Herpes zoster (11.8%); pruritic papular eruption (PPE) (7.1%); seborrheic dermatitis (5.5%); and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (1.6%). KS and PPE were associated with severe immunodeficiency, with mean absolute (percentage) CD4+ counts of 75.5 cells\/\u03bcL (4.0%) and 71.7 cells\/\u03bcL (4.8%), respectively. The values for herpes zoster and seborrheic dermatitis were 271.1 cells\/\u03bcL (12.4%) and 206.3 cells\/\u03bcL (11.3%), respectively. Skin diseases were common among HIV-infected POs. PPE and KS are markers of severe immunodeficiency due to HIV. PPE, herpes zoster and KS strongly suggest underlying HIV-related immunodeficiency and patients with these conditions should be counselled and tested for HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550303300122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,15]],"date-time":"2017-01-15T12:49:02Z","timestamp":1484484542000},"page":"44-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Prevalence and Pattern of Skin Diseases in Relation to CD4 Counts Among HIV-Infected Police Officers in Dar es Salaam"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bakari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 65001, Dar es Salaam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eligius","family":"Lyamuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 65001, Dar es Salaam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Mugusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 65001, Dar es Salaam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Aris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 65001, Dar es Salaam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Chale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 65001, Dar es Salaam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Magao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 65001, Dar es 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