{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T21:22:12Z","timestamp":1789852932949,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trop Doct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are a leading cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries. We studied the spectrum, aetiology and outcome of CNS infections in 401 consecutive patients aged \u226512 years admitted at the medical emergency centre of PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. An aetiological diagnosis was made in 365 (91.0%) patients, with 149 (40.8%) microbiologically confirmed cases. CNS tuberculosis was the most prevalent cause (51.5%), followed by viral meningoencephalitis (13.9%), community-acquired bacterial meningitis (9.7%), cryptococcal meningitis (6.2%), scrub typhus meningoencephalitis (1.7%), neurocysticercosis (1.7%) and fungal brain abscess (1.7%). Human immunodeficiency virus (11.0%) and diabetes mellitus (6.2%) remained the usual predisposing conditions. We found a mortality rate of 27.9%, highest in cases without an aetiology (64.5%). Tuberculosis remained the most common cause; however, an increasing number of scrub typhus, dengue, fungal infections and non-classical bacterial pathogens may indicate a change in the epidemiology of community-acquired CNS infections in India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475520959905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T04:02:33Z","timestamp":1601956953000},"page":"48-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The epidemiology and clinical spectrum of infections of the central nervous system in adults in north India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Devender","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok Kumar","family":"Pannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deba Prasad","family":"Dhibar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajveer","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savita","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2011.09.011"},{"key":"bibr2-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2016.06.013"},{"key":"bibr3-0049475520959905","first-page":"33","volume":"22","author":"Fitch MT","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"bibr4-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2008.07.004"},{"key":"bibr5-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-2973-0"},{"key":"bibr6-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1640-x"},{"key":"bibr7-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000517"},{"key":"bibr8-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq121"},{"key":"bibr9-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru008"},{"key":"bibr10-0049475520959905","author":"Robertson FC","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"bibr11-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425368"},{"key":"bibr12-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/589747"},{"key":"bibr13-0049475520959905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1325_16","volume":"145","author":"Sharma SK","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"bibr14-0049475520959905","unstructured":"Central TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. Guidelines:\n                      Technical and Operational Guidelines for TB Control in India 2016\n                      . New Delhi: Central TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 2018. 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