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This was a longitudinal observational study involving 132 participants enrolled over a one-year period with femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures scheduled for ORIF. Participant median age was 30 years (range: 26\u2009\u2013\u200942). The prevalence of surgical site infection was 16%. Male sex (AOR=0.26, 95% CI [0.70\u20130.98]; p\u2009=\u20090.047) was associated with lower odds of surgical site infection while associated non-musculoskeletal injuries were associated with higher odds of developing surgical site infection. Our study confirms a higher surgical site infection rate than normally accepted. However, intramedullary nailing in our setting is justified as it allows an early return to a pre-injury state. These interventions must be carried out in the best possible circumstances. Future studies could explore alternative methods of fracture fixation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00494755211064657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T11:02:31Z","timestamp":1640084551000},"page":"15-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prognostic factors for surgical site infection following intramedullary nailing of diaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia in adult patients at a tertiary hospital in Lusaka, Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0468-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Webster","family":"Musonda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill-Cornell\/NewYork Presbyterian Hospital, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaunda","family":"Yamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William Jim","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust, University of Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Munthali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital, Zambia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00494755211064657","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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