{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T15:12:20Z","timestamp":1777907540390,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trop Doct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Acute severe dyspnoea is a critical medical emergency frequently encountered in low- and middle-income countries, where resource limitations significantly challenge timely diagnosis and management. Our institutional protocol (PGIMER, Chandigarh) offers a practical approach tailored to these constraints. It emphasises a structured clinical assessment and prioritises readily available basic investigations, including chest radiography, arterial blood gas analysis, and electrocardiogram, to differentiate common aetiologies such as pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, cardiac tamponade, and acute heart failure. The diagnostic approach is structured across seven clinical domains\u2014\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                    isk factors,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H<\/jats:italic>\n                    istory,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E<\/jats:italic>\n                    xamination findings,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L<\/jats:italic>\n                    aboratory results,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                    maging features,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T<\/jats:italic>\n                    reatment (empirical) response, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A<\/jats:italic>\n                    lternate diagnosis exclusion (mnemonic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">RHELITA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). A simplified diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary embolism is included to optimize use of advanced imaging.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00494755251335990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T08:42:41Z","timestamp":1754988161000},"page":"368-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic approach to acute severe dyspnea in low-middle-income countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok Kumar","family":"Pannu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Davidson\u2019s Principles and Practice of Medicine","author":"Penman ID","year":"2023","unstructured":"Penman ID, Ralston SH, Strachan MW, et al. Ed. Davidson\u2019s Principles and Practice of Medicine. 24th ed. London: Elsevier, 2023, 181\u2013182.","edition":"24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab323"}],"container-title":["Tropical Doctor"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00494755251335990","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00494755251335990","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00494755251335990","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:37:02Z","timestamp":1777642622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00494755251335990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00494755251335990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00494755251335990","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4755","1758-1133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4755","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}}}