{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T21:14:40Z","timestamp":1780953280486,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]],"date-time":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trop Doct"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to epidemiologically describe potential infectious agents among rural people in the Republic of Yemen. This would aid clinicians in designing empirical therapy and public health officials in planning disease prevention. We sought to examine evidence for the geographical distribution of pathogens causing human hepatic and splenic disease among villagers and domestic animals living in three remote areas with differing altitudes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In June 1992, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at three survey sites of differing altitudes: 3080, 1440 and 250 m above sea level. Questionnaires, parasitic and serological tests were administered to 627 human volunteers. Additionally 317 domestic animals were studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Malaria, schistosomiasis, and hepatitis B and C infections were found to be likely causes of human hepatic or splenic disease. Additionally, evidence of human and animal infections with the agents of brucellosis and Q fever was found: IgG antibodies against hepatitis E virus were discovered in two (2.0%) of the 100 volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of markers for human and animal disease was often lowest at the village of highest elevation, suggesting that increasing altitude, as a surrogate or a true independent risk factor, was protective against infection with the agents studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/004947559902900408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,12]],"date-time":"2017-01-12T21:42:40Z","timestamp":1484257360000},"page":"212-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Remote Village Survey for Agents Causing Hepatosplenic Disease in the Republic of Yemen"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Gregory C","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward N","family":"Kassira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Epidemiology & Disease Surveillance, Sanaa, Republic of Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu\u00e9na\u00ebl R","family":"Rodier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Cairo, Egypt"},{"name":"International Health Program, University of Maryland at Baltimore, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha C","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiblah Baptist Hospital, Jiblah, Republic of Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A","family":"Calamaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Services Development Program, Department of Animal Health, Sanaa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musaid Ahmed M","family":"Nagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schistosomiasis National Control Project, Sanaa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BAM","family":"Botros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atef Kamal","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nassef F","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosamund","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Services Development Program, Department of Animal Health, Sanaa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B K","family":"Arunkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Health Laboratory, Sanaa, Republic of Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amyanne","family":"Cope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth C","family":"Hyams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navy Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1989.11748602"},{"key":"bibr2-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92252-W"},{"key":"bibr3-004947559902900408","volume-title":"World Population Sheet","author":"Population Reference Bureau","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr4-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1953.2.13"},{"key":"bibr5-004947559902900408","volume-title":"Health Problems of Yemen and Its Populations","author":"Thuriauz MC","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr6-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3274167"},{"key":"bibr7-004947559902900408","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Ayad N","year":"1956","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"bibr8-004947559902900408","first-page":"19","volume":"44","author":"Schaap HB","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"bibr9-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90267-8"},{"key":"bibr10-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1972.21.421"},{"key":"bibr11-004947559902900408","first-page":"543","volume":"30","author":"El-Matri A","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cah Social D\u00e9mogr M\u00e9d"},{"key":"bibr12-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282141"},{"key":"bibr13-004947559902900408","first-page":"1570","volume":"33","author":"Boctor FN","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"bibr14-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.11.2413","volume":"46","author":"Behymer DE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Amer J Vet Res"},{"key":"bibr15-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.32.2.840-851.1981"},{"key":"bibr16-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(82)90209-5"},{"key":"bibr17-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91647-Q"},{"key":"bibr18-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. New York: John Wiley, 1989:82\u2013134.","DOI":"10.2307\/2531779"},{"key":"bibr19-004947559902900408","first-page":"351","volume":"81","author":"Daoud W","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Finiales"},{"key":"bibr20-004947559902900408","first-page":"181","volume":"40","author":"Janitschke K","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"bibr21-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.1023"},{"key":"bibr22-004947559902900408","first-page":"495","volume":"17","author":"El-Qirbi AA","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"bibr23-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1992.294"},{"key":"bibr24-004947559902900408","first-page":"351","volume":"81","author":"Daoud W","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Finiales"},{"key":"bibr25-004947559902900408","volume-title":"An Estimate of Global Needs for Praziquantel Within Schistosomiasis Control Programs","author":"Utroska JA","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr26-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.76"},{"key":"bibr27-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02360780"},{"key":"bibr28-004947559902900408","first-page":"491","volume":"66","author":"Abdel-Raheem SM","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc"},{"key":"bibr29-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890400413"},{"key":"bibr30-004947559902900408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.46.63"}],"container-title":["Tropical Doctor"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/004947559902900408","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/004947559902900408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:01:05Z","timestamp":1777644065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/004947559902900408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/004947559902900408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/004947559902900408","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-4755","1758-1133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-4755","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]}}}