{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:54:17Z","timestamp":1777676057889,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 G13 LM012252-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 G13 LM012252-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hist Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 1936, the journalist Hannah Lees published \u201cTwo Million Tightrope Walkers,\u201d drawing attention to the significant number of people in the United States estimated to have diabetes. Focusing on how people with diabetes should live, she emphasized the importance of recording the exact values of everything they ate and avoiding all \u201criotous living\u201d lest they be unable to keep careful measurements of calories, insulin, and sleep. Employing two meanings of measured \u2013 as counted and as moderate \u2013 Lees was doing more than communicating how someone might control their disease; she was also calling for a \u201ccontrolled and self-reliant citizenry.\u201d Indeed, Lees insisted that diabetics who followed a regime of measurement \u201cmake a good deal better citizens than the average.\u201d Drawing on the writings of Lees and other social commentators, I explore the link between biometrics, citizenship, and diabetes in the United States in the interwar years. In particular, I look at how this disease came to symbolize both the regimes of discipline thought to be necessary in a society moving to consumption as its economic motor, and the fears of what could happen if consumption ran amok. Biometrics, I argue, offered clinicians and patients a potent tool for measuring deviance and, potentially, for restoring a person to the \u201cnorm.\u201d<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0073275319869762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T04:27:21Z","timestamp":1568348841000},"page":"166-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biometrics and citizenship: Measuring diabetes in the United States in the interwar years"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0157-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arleen Marcia","family":"Tuchman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]},"container-title":["History of Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0073275319869762","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0073275319869762","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0073275319869762","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:17:33Z","timestamp":1777450653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0073275319869762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0073275319869762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0073275319869762","relation":{},"ISSN":["0073-2753","1753-8564"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0073-2753","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-8564","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]}}}