{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:07:28Z","timestamp":1784606848037,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychiatry Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The best screening questionnaires for detecting post-stroke depression have not been identified. We aimed to validate four commonly used depression screening tools in stroke and transient ischemic attack patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive stroke and transient ischemic attack patients visiting an outpatient stroke clinic in Calgary, Alberta (Canada) completed a demographic questionnaire and four depression screening tools: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, PHQ-2, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Participants then completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), the gold-standard for diagnosing major depression. The questionnaires were validated against the SCID and sensitivity and specificity were calculated at various cut-points. Optimal cut-points for each questionnaire were determined using receiver-operating curve analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 122 participants, 59.5% were diagnosed with stroke and 40.5% with transient ischemic attack. The point prevalence of SCID-diagnosed current major depression was 9.8%. At the optimal cut-points, the sensitivity and specificity for each screening tool were as follows: PHQ-9 (sensitivity: 81.8%, specificity: 97.1%), PHQ-2 (sensitivity: 75.0%, specificity: 96.3%), HADS-D (sensitivity: 63.6%, specificity: 98.1%), and GDS-15 (sensitivity: 45.5%, specificity: 84.8%). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were as follows: PHQ-9 86.6%, PHQ-2 86.7%, HADS-D 85.9%, and GDS-15 66.3%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 are both suitable depression screening tools, taking less than 5 minutes to complete. The HADS-D does not appear to have any advantage over the PHQ-based scales, even though it was designed specifically for medically ill populations. The GDS-15 cannot be recommended for general use in a stroke clinic based on this study as it had worse discrimination due to low sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0091217416652616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]],"date-time":"2016-06-09T14:08:47Z","timestamp":1465481327000},"page":"262-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Validating screening tools for depression in stroke and transient ischemic attack patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Joey C","family":"Prisnie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten M","family":"Fiest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelagh B","family":"Coutts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott B","family":"Patten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences and O\u2019Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Callie 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Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences and O\u2019Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric E","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences and O\u2019Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 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