{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:04:44Z","timestamp":1791338684274,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychiatry Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substance use disorders (SUDs) have increased substantially across the globe, and has become one of the world\u2019s most significant public health and socioeconomic challenge. This study examined the prevalence and patterns of substance use disorders among patients admitted to the main psychiatric hospital in Botswana, the Sbrana Psychiatric Hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study of patients admitted to a major psychiatric hospital in Botswana. SUDs were assessed using the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) v13.0. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and SUDs. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final analysis involved 101 patients. Participants ranged in age from 18-60 years, and over half (59.4%) were male. The majority of participants (85.1%) had used potentially addicting substances at least once during their lifetime, with 63.4% having current substance use disorders. The most frequently used substances were tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, and cocaine at 58.4%, 42.6%, 34.7% and 12.8% respectively. SUDs were more common among participants who were male, ages 18\u201335 years, single, had a tertiary education, or were unemployed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a high prevalence of substance use and SUDs among psychiatric patients in Botswana. Screening for and interventions to manage SUDs should be part of routine care at psychiatric health care facilities in this country. Consideration should be given to the screening of all patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals in Botswana for SUDs using the ASSIST.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00912174231156027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T06:34:58Z","timestamp":1675838098000},"page":"339-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The prevalence of substance use disorders and associated characteristics among patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6826-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Othalefile E.","family":"Otlhapile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Univeristy of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine W.","family":"Gitau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary W.","family":"Kuria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Univeristy of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"bibr2-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-30337"},{"key":"bibr3-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6"},{"key":"bibr4-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.011"},{"key":"bibr5-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S40263-014-0209-8"},{"key":"bibr6-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1521430"},{"key":"bibr7-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/NSAD-2014-0002"},{"key":"bibr8-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.031"},{"key":"bibr9-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2013.03.012"},{"key":"bibr10-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.07.011"},{"key":"bibr11-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.02.067"},{"key":"bibr12-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105428"},{"key":"bibr13-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2013.09.038"},{"key":"bibr14-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520966458"},{"key":"bibr15-00912174231156027","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health","author":"WHO","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr16-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17290376.2005.9724842"},{"key":"bibr17-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12888-018-1844-2"},{"key":"bibr18-00912174231156027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/S1749367600002605"},{"key":"bibr19-00912174231156027","volume-title":"Sampling techniques","author":"Cochran W. 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