{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:55:50Z","timestamp":1782190550473,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychiatry Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pornography use can become addictive when a person loses control of watching sexual materials, such as sex graphic images and movies, and is unable to stop doing so despite negative consequences. Pornography addiction is a disorder that can impair mental health, behavior, and performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of problematic pornography use among medical students in Egypt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 614 undergraduate medical students selected from each of the 6 academic years at a faculty of medicine in Egypt. The short version of the problematic pornography consumption scale (PPCS-6) was used to determine problem pornography use. Sociodemographic information and academic performance data were collected, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was administered to assess depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly one-quarter (23.3%) of students had problematic pornography use. Problematic pornography use was associated with older age and male sex. Students with problematic pornography use reported fewer hours studying and had lower test scores in the previous year than those without problematic pornography use. Medical students with problematic pornography had significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms compared to those without.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Problematic pornography use is a common problem among medical students at a university in Egypt, is present in nearly one-quarter of students, and is significantly associated with older age, male sex, and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, as well as poorer academic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00912174251329440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T18:41:55Z","timestamp":1743187315000},"page":"714-731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence and correlates of problematic pornography use among undergraduate medical students in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Eman Fouad","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagzig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany Elshabrawy","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagzig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira Mohamed","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagzig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1479-4094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Gamal","family":"Sehlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagzig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Seif","family":"Alnasr Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagzig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdallah Saad","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagzig, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"e33703","article-title":"Physiological, psychosocial and substance abuse effects of pornography addiction: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Mehmood Qadri H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mehmood Qadri H, Waheed A, Munawar A, et al. Physiological, psychosocial and substance abuse effects of pornography addiction: a narrative review. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33703.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2019.1567411"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","volume-title":"Influence of Pornography Consumption on Brain Chemistry: Neuroscientific Insights","author":"Rasool F","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rasool F. Influence of Pornography Consumption on Brain Chemistry: Neuroscientific Insights. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33774\/coe-2023-2lg72."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"2909","article-title":"Psychological impact of pornography exposure among university students in kuantan","volume":"7","author":"Che NNR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Che NNR, Rostam MA, Uzir BF. Psychological impact of pornography exposure among university students in kuantan. IJAHS. 2023;7(2):2909-2916.","journal-title":"IJAHS"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9592-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"168","article-title":"When is online pornography viewing problematic among college males? Examining the moderating role of experiential avoidance","volume":"19","author":"Levin ME","year":"2012","unstructured":"Levin ME, Lillis J, Hayes SC. When is online pornography viewing problematic among college males? Examining the moderating role of experiential avoidance. Sex Addict Compulsivity. 2012;19:168-180.","journal-title":"Sex Addict Compulsivity"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26318318211065648"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8070914"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/shb.shb_18_21"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"303","article-title":"Cyber-pornography addiction among medical students of Telangana","volume":"12","author":"Praveera KH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Praveera KH, Anudeep M, Junapudi SS. Cyber-pornography addiction among medical students of Telangana. Indian J Public Health Res Dev. 2021;12(1):303.","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"187","article-title":"Sexuality and the internet: surfing into the new millennium","volume":"1","author":"Cooper A","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cooper A. Sexuality and the internet: surfing into the new millennium. Beyond Behav. 1998;1:187-193.","journal-title":"Beyond Behav"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20170737"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2018.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21091228"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v29i5.8906"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9880309"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/149509"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","first-page":"502","article-title":"Stress among medical students: a cross-sectional study from a North Indian Medical University","volume":"59","author":"Garg K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garg K, Agarwal M, Dalal PK. Stress among medical students: a cross-sectional study from a North Indian Medical University. Indian J Psychiatry. 2017;59(4):502-504.","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12201"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2022.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2012.710182"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0364"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Body image, depression, and self-perceived pornography addiction in Italian gay and bisexual men: the mediating role of relationship satisfaction","volume":"9","author":"Sommantico M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sommantico M, Gioia F, Boursier V, Iorio I, Parrello S. Body image, depression, and self-perceived pornography addiction in Italian gay and bisexual men: the mediating role of relationship satisfaction. Mediterr. J. Clin. Psychol. 2021;9:1-19.","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Clin. Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45459-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207450903165577"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-024-00550-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Effects of pornography on senior high school students","volume":"3","author":"Acheampong R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Acheampong R, Adjenim Y. Effects of pornography on senior high school students. International Journal of Management and Scientific Research. 2016;3:67-74.","journal-title":"International Journal of Management and Scientific Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","first-page":"907","article-title":"Pornography addiction as correlate of psychosocial and academic adjustment of students in universities in Lagos State","volume":"11","author":"Ephraim OC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ephraim OC, Chinweike OJ, Michael E. Pornography addiction as correlate of psychosocial and academic adjustment of students in universities in Lagos State. US China Educ Rev. 2011;11:907-920.","journal-title":"US China Educ Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exposure to violent and sexual media content undermines school performance in youth","volume":"2","author":"Cetin Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cetin Y, Lull RB, Celikbas M, Bushman BJ. Exposure to violent and sexual media content undermines school performance in youth. Advances in Pediatric Research. 2015;2(6):1-7.","journal-title":"Advances in Pediatric Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2020.1716205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466503321903544"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2017.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12400"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1468199031000153900"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9762-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2016.1191597"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"University students\u2019 uses of and reactions to online sexual information and entertainment: links to online and offline sexual behavior","volume":"11","author":"Boies SC","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boies SC. University students\u2019 uses of and reactions to online sexual information and entertainment: links to online and offline sexual behavior. Can J Hum Sex. 2002;11:77-89.","journal-title":"Can J Hum Sex"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","first-page":"625","article-title":"Emerging adults' expectations for pornography use in the context of future committed romantic relationships: a qualitative study","volume":"42","author":"Olmstead SB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olmstead SB, Negash S, Pasley K, Fincham FD. Emerging adults' expectations for pornography use in the context of future committed romantic relationships: a qualitative study. Beyond Behav. 2013;42:625-635.","journal-title":"Beyond Behav"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332691.2016.1238796"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3149\/jms.1501.57"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.12.795"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Relationship between internet addiction and academic performance of undergraduate medical students of Azad Kashmir","volume":"36","author":"Javaeed A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javaeed A, Jeelani R, Gulab S, Ghauri SK. Relationship between internet addiction and academic performance of undergraduate medical students of Azad Kashmir. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):229-233.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18535\/jmscr\/v7i3.122"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2019.19.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Women\u2019s health at work. Facts and prejudices: psychological differences between women and men","volume":"65","author":"Lindel\u00f6v M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lindel\u00f6v M, Thorbj\u00f6rnsson CB. Women\u2019s health at work. Facts and prejudices: psychological differences between women and men. Solna, Stockholm: National Institute for Working Life (Arbetslivsinstitutet). 1998;65:61-95.","journal-title":"Solna, Stockholm: National Institute for Working Life (Arbetslivsinstitutet)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01494929.2012.762449"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2017.1358305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20183465"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Effects of pornography on senior high school students","volume":"1","author":"Acheampong R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Acheampong R, Adjenim Y. Effects of pornography on senior high school students. International Journal of Management and Scientific Research. 2016;1:67-74.","journal-title":"International Journal of Management and Scientific Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35974\/isc.v7i1.1036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0257-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2012.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2012.716873"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930600959340"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2021.100345"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.613244"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","first-page":"397","article-title":"Pornography problems due to moral incongruence: an integrative model with a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Grubbs JB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grubbs JB, Perry SL, Wilt JA, Reid RC. Pornography problems due to moral incongruence: an integrative model with a systematic review and meta-analysis. Beyond Behav. 2019;48:397-415.","journal-title":"Beyond Behav"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2016.1162237"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hrp\/7.4.236"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3149\/jms.1402.209"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs5030388"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10720160008403700"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00912174251329440","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00912174251329440","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00912174251329440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:13:15Z","timestamp":1777457595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00912174251329440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00912174251329440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00912174251329440","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-2174","1541-3527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-2174","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-3527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]}}}