{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:14:56Z","timestamp":1788455696806,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]],"date-time":"2013-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3080,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Camphor, menthol, and methyl salicylate occur in numerous over\u2010the\u2010counter products. Although extensively used, there have been no estimates of human exposure following administration via dermal application. Furthermore, there is little information about the pharmacokinetics of those compounds. The authors report the plasma concentrations of the intact compounds as a function of dose following dermal patch application. Three groups of 8 subjects (4 male, 4 female) applied a different number of commercial patches (2, 4, or 8) to the skin for 8 hours. Plasma samples were assayed using sensitive and selective gas\u2010chromatographic methods. For the 8\u2010patch group, the average maximum plasma concentrations (C<jats:sub><jats:italic>max<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> \u00b1 SD) were 41.0 \u00b1 5.8 ng\/mL, 31.9 \u00b1 8.8 ng\/mL, and 29.5 \u00b1 10.5 ng\/mL for camphor, menthol, and methyl salicylate, respectively. The corresponding values for the 4\u2010patch group were 26.8 \u00b1 7.2 ng\/mL, 19.0 \u00b1 5.4 ng\/mL, and 16.8 \u00b1 6.8 ng\/mL. The harmonic mean terminal half\u2010lives were 5.6 \u00b1 1.3 hours, 4.7 \u00b1 1.6 hours, and 3.0 \u00b1 1.2 hours for camphor, menthol, and methyl salicylate, respectively. The 2\u2010patch group had measurable but low plasma concentrations of each compound. Low\u2010dose dermal application for an extended time results in low plasma concentrations of all 3 compounds. Four and 8 patches, when applied for 8 hours, gave measurable and nearly proportional plasma concentrations. Although unable to determine the absolute dermal bioavailability of these compounds, there appears to be relatively low systemic exposure to these potentially toxic compounds, even when an unrealistically large number of patches are applied for an unusually long time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004268409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T12:52:31Z","timestamp":1094043151000},"page":"1151-1157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Dermal Absorption of Camphor, Menthol, and Methyl Salicylate in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Debra","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Boren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mayersohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(99)00161-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.1.127","article-title":"Camphor revisited: focus on toxicity","volume":"94","author":"Committee on Drugs, 1992\u20131993","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.57.673.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)35008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.57.3.428"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/crq.3900070106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","volume-title":"Clinical Toxicology","author":"Thienes CH","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(97)00099-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80139-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00728.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00738.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00781.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600250068013","article-title":"Menthol urticaria","volume":"94","author":"McGowan EM","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"442","article-title":"Local necrosis and interstitial nephritis due to topical methyl salicylate and menthol","volume":"39","author":"Heng MCY","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","volume-title":"Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, Acute Poisoning","author":"Gosselin RE","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(98)90000-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb1978.14.663"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600740229"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/cp.1999.v66.100455001"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1177%2F0091270004268409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0091270004268409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:06:56Z","timestamp":1756375616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0091270004268409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0091270004268409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0091270004268409","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-2700","1552-4604"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-2700","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4604","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}}}