{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:59:56Z","timestamp":1788587996572,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2867,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Etanercept, a fully humanized soluble recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein, is an approved treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis. Etanercept is absorbed slowly from the site of subcutaneous injection, with time to peak concentration at approximately 48 to 60 hours, and is cleared slowly from the body with a t<jats:sub><jats:italic>1\/2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>of 70 to 100 hours. The absolute bioavailability of etanercept was 58% in healthy subjects following subcutaneous administration. The 25\u2010mg twice\u2010weekly dosage regimen generates systemic exposures comparable to 50 mg once weekly, as predicted by pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation and later confirmed by clinical studies. The pharmacokinetics of etanercept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are comparable to those in healthy individuals and patients with ankylosing spondylitis, congestive heart failure, and psoriasis. In children with polyarticular\u2010course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, after subcutaneous doses of 0.4 mg\/kg twice weekly, the clearance of etanercept may be slightly reduced in children aged 4 to 8 years. Pharmacokinetic simulation predicts that a dose of 0.8 mg\/kg once weekly generates comparable systemic exposure as 0.4 mg\/kg twice weekly. No requirement for etanercept dosage adjustment is needed when etanercept is coadministered with warfarin, digoxin, or methotrexate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004273321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,14]],"date-time":"2005-04-14T19:13:30Z","timestamp":1113506010000},"page":"490-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Etanercept: A Fully Humanized Soluble Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Fusion Protein"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Honghui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00917473"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192623560.001.0001","volume-title":"Epidemiology of the Rheumatic Diseases.","author":"Silman AJ","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.5.5.1175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.3.1.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012664"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004264164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"1118","article-title":"Absolute bioavailability of TNF receptor fusion protein following subcutaneous injection in healthy volunteers","volume":"17","author":"Lebsack ME","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP42267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"S976","article-title":"Enbrel\u00ae (etanrecept) pharmacokinetics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Kremer J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","volume-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Concepts and Applications.","author":"Rowland M","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics analysis and simulation of time concentration profile of etanercept in pediatric patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Yim DS","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.10.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(02)17635-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198815020-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)91367-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2001.01279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Etanercept in breast milk","volume":"31","author":"Ostensen M","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270004268050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200140100-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","unstructured":"HUMIRA (adalimumab) Physician Desk Reference 2005. 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