{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:11:08Z","timestamp":1772255468105,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]],"date-time":"2013-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2654,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prochlorperazine has been accepted as an effective antiemetic for more than 50 years; however, its therapeutic success has been limited by its low and variable absorption and high first\u2010pass metabolism. A buccal dosage form of prochlorperazine has been developed. This article discusses 2 clinical studies conducted to characterize the single\u2010dose and multiple\u2010dose pharmacokinetics of prochlorperazine and its metabolites after buccal administration. The results of these studies demonstrate that buccal administration of prochlorperazine produces plasma concentrations more than twice as high as an oral tablet, with less than half the variability. In addition to the metabolites, N\u2010desmethyl prochlorperazine and prochlorperazine sulfoxide, 2 new metabolites, prochlorperazine 7\u2010hydroxide and prochlorperazine sulfoxide 4\u2032\u2010N\u2010oxide, were identified and quantitated. Exposure to metabolites after the buccal prochlorperazine formulation was approximately half that observed after the oral tablet. Buccal administration of prochlorperazine, twice daily, should enhance the therapeutic role of prochlorperazine in preventing and treating nausea and vomiting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270005281044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,15]],"date-time":"2005-11-15T19:02:48Z","timestamp":1132081368000},"page":"1383-1390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Bioavailability and Metabolism of Prochlorperazine Administered via the Buccal and Oral Delivery Route"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Finn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Voyksner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Lindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"270","article-title":"Drug therapy in terminally ill patients","volume":"32","author":"Lipman AG.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Amer J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92206-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428152"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)83644-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1991.tb03973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/21.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Drug permeation enhancement via buccal route: possibilities and limitations","volume":"62","author":"Senel S","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Contr Rel"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00115-6","article-title":"Drug transfer through the mucosa","volume":"48","author":"Khanvilkar K","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Drug Del Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(89)90291-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2003.11.324"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.9.2971"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/56.8.729","article-title":"ASHP therapeutic guidelines on the pharmacologic management of nausea and vomiting in adult and pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy or undergoing surgery","volume":"56","author":"ASHP Commission on Therapeutics.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008471812316"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","unstructured":"NCCN Antiemesis Practice Guidelines 2005.National Comprehensive Cancer Network Web site. 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