{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:21:26Z","timestamp":1780590086422,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1283,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are limited data on the pharmacokinetics of generic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in native African populations, in whom they are commonly used. The authors characterized the pharmacokinetics of lamivudine (n = 27), zidovudine (n = 16), and stavudine (n = 11) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\/tuberculosis (TB)\u2010coinfected Ghanaians and evaluated associations between zidovudine metabolism and UDP\u2010glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 polymorphisms. Lamivudine, zidovudine, and stavudine apparent oral clearance (CL\/F) values (mean \u00b1 SD [% coefficient of variation [CV]) were 7.3 \u00b1 2.8 (39%), 31.9 \u00b1 33.6 (106%), and 16.4 \u00b1 5.8 (35%) mL\/min\/kg, respectively, whereas half\u2010life values were 4.2 \u00b1 1.9 (46%), 8.1 \u00b1 7.9 (98%), and 1.5 \u00b1 1.0 (65%) hours, respectively. Zidovudine CL\/F was 196% higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .004) in<jats:italic>UGT2B7<\/jats:italic>*1c (c.735A&gt;G) carriers versus noncarriers. This was confirmed using human liver bank samples (n = 52), which showed 48% higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .020) zidovudine glucuronidation and 33% higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= .015) UGT2B7 protein in<jats:italic>UGT2B<\/jats:italic>7*1c carriers versus noncarriers. In conclusion, generic NRTI pharmacokinetics in HIV\/TB\u2010coinfected Ghanaians are similar to other populations, whereas the<jats:italic>UGT2B<\/jats:italic>7*1c polymorphism may explain in part relatively high interindividual variability in zidovudine clearance<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270009338482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,24]],"date-time":"2009-07-24T01:42:27Z","timestamp":1248399747000},"page":"1079-1090","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Interindividual Variability in Pharmacokinetics of Generic Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in TB\/HIV\u2010Coinfected Ghanaian Patients:<i>UGT2B7<\/i>*1c Is Associated With Faster Zidovudine Clearance and Glucuronidation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Awewura","family":"Kwara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Lartey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Boamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naser L.","family":"Rezk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Oliver\u2010Commey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Kenu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela D. 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