{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:51:55Z","timestamp":1776477115322,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":157,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold> To investigate the circadian and blood pressure (BP) reduction obtained with timolol maleate 0.5% solution administered twice daily versus timolol 0.1% in gel\u2010forming carbomer administered in the morning in patients with primary open\u2010angle glaucoma (POAG). <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This investigator\u2010masked, crossover study prospectively enrolled naive POAG patients not receiving systemic cardiovascular medications. Following a baseline evaluation, they were randomized to receive a timolol 0.5% solution or timolol 0.1% hydrogel for 2 months and then switched to the alternative medication for a further 2 months. Intraocular pressure (IOP) phasing (sitting Goldmann tonometry at 10 AM, 2 PM, 6 PM, and 10 PM and supine Perkins tonometry at 2 AM and 6 AM) and ambulatory home BP monitoring were measured at baseline and after each treatment period. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> On the basis of a prospective sample size estimate, 28 patients were analyzed. Mean 24\u2010hour IOP decreased from 23.1 \u00b1 0.7 mm Hg at baseline to 18.9 \u00b1 0.6 mm Hg after timolol 0.5% and 18.9 \u00b1 0.8 mm Hg after timolol 0.1% hydrogel (P &lt; .001); both formulations also significantly decreased diurnal, nocturnal, and individual time point IOP in a statistically similar manner. Systolic and diastolic BP remained generally unaffected. The calculated diastolic ocular perfusion pressure was either unaffected or tended to increase with either medication. <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Both timolol formulations show similar and significant circadian efficacy and have minimal effects on BP and calculated diastolic ocular perfusion pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270011420254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,23]],"date-time":"2011-11-23T05:46:53Z","timestamp":1322027213000},"page":"1552-1557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Circadian Intraocular Pressure and Blood Pressure Reduction With Timolol 0.5% Solution and Timogel 0.1% in Patients With Primary Open\u2010Angle Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Luciano","family":"Quaranta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Katsanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Floriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivano","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasios G. 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