{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:04:02Z","timestamp":1787018642630,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":96,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Concerns have been raised about the use of topical retinoids since the publication of isolated cases of characteristic retinoid embryopathy, originally described after oral use. A collaborative study of the European Network of Teratology Information Services was carried out to evaluate the rate of congenital malformations following first\u2010trimester topical retinoid exposure. A population of 235 exposed pregnant women was compared with 444 controls. No significant differences were observed between groups with regard to the rates of spontaneous abortion (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.5 [0.8\u20132.7]), minor birth defects (1.3 [0.4\u20133.7]), and major birth defects (1.8 [0.6\u20135.4]). No child showed features of retinoid embryopathy. The rate of elective termination in the exposed group was increased 3\u2010fold (3.4 [1.5\u20137.8]). In conclusion, these results do not suggest an increased risk of retinoid embryopathy. 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