{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:16:58Z","timestamp":1792117018713,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Advanced Research Institute in Geriatric Mental Health","award":["R25MH068502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25MH068502"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"national research foundation of korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016-S1A3A2924582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016-S1A3A2924582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21MH081094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MH081094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Aging Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of depressive symptoms among older Korean adults in three geographic locations with varying densities of the Korean population: mainland Korea (mostly Koreans), New York metropolitan area (high Korean density), and west central Florida (low Korean density). The study focused on the role of family and friend networks. Data were drawn from three sources: (1) a multistage national sample of Koreans in South Korea ( n = 403); (2) a survey conducted in the western\/central Florida area that used a variety of culturally sensitive sampling strategies ( n = 672); and (3) a survey in the New York metropolitan area ( n = 420) that replicated the Florida study. For those living in Korea, living alone and lower perceived financial status were independently associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. For the New York and Florida samples, fair or poor self-rating of health, lower levels of acculturation, and weaker ties with family were related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Similar to the older Korean sample, lower perceived financial status was linked with greater depressive symptoms in the New York sample. The overall results suggest that it is important to consider the interplay of the social network, personal, and cultural resources when working with older adults in diverse contexts. Intervention efforts should address mental health issues tailored to cultural and social settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0091415020905553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T04:22:41Z","timestamp":1581654161000},"page":"364-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Role of Social Networks on Depressive Symptoms: A Comparison of Older Koreans in Three Geographic Areas"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1751-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan Sook","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8239-1778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work and Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Chiriboga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5099-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soondool","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6"},{"key":"bibr2-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnt118"},{"key":"bibr3-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470880166.hlsd002012"},{"key":"bibr4-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.007"},{"key":"bibr5-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/58.3.M249"},{"key":"bibr61-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2010.40.1.88"},{"key":"bibr6-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0261018307072206"},{"key":"bibr7-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(98)00122-X"},{"key":"bibr8-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0015-7"},{"key":"bibr62-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1521-0987.17.2.70"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr9-0091415020905553","first-page":"125","volume":"38","author":"Chung S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society"},{"key":"bibr10-0091415020905553","volume-title":"Applied multiple regression\/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"2003","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr11-0091415020905553","unstructured":"Council of National Psychological Associations. (2003). Psychological treatment of ethnic minority populations. http:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/oema\/resources\/brochures\/"},{"key":"bibr12-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c5367"},{"key":"bibr13-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.26.5.1258"},{"key":"bibr15-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000455043"},{"key":"bibr14-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnr126"},{"key":"bibr16-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/61.1.P25"},{"key":"bibr17-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153621"},{"key":"bibr64-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2014.1003285"},{"key":"bibr18-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2181"},{"key":"bibr19-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-017-0604-0"},{"key":"bibr65-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1383971"},{"key":"bibr20-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2011.572534"},{"key":"bibr63-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.09.007"},{"key":"bibr21-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp019"},{"key":"bibr22-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2006.10.004"},{"key":"bibr23-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264315584578"},{"key":"bibr24-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032591"},{"key":"bibr25-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318227f876"},{"key":"bibr26-0091415020905553","volume-title":"Reducing the high rate of poverty among the elderly in Korea","author":"Jones R. S.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr27-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.3.458"},{"key":"bibr28-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2013.805399"},{"key":"bibr29-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03034.x"},{"key":"bibr30-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191115599639"},{"key":"bibr31-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03483.x"},{"key":"bibr32-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.11.003"},{"key":"bibr33-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405901206"},{"key":"bibr34-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu004"},{"key":"bibr35-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp104"},{"key":"bibr37-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/46.4.503"},{"key":"bibr36-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003727-198811000-00008"},{"key":"bibr38-0091415020905553","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Social work and health care in an aging society: Education, policy, practices, and research","author":"Lubben J. E.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr39-0091415020905553","first-page":"353","volume-title":"Critical perspectives on racial and ethnic differences in health in late life","author":"Mendes de Leon C. F.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr40-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2807"},{"key":"bibr41-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq283"},{"key":"bibr42-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbt041"},{"key":"bibr43-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.4.1.84"},{"key":"bibr44-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2012.742490"},{"key":"bibr45-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-013-0288-9"},{"key":"bibr46-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0991-0"},{"key":"bibr47-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2016.1246429"},{"key":"bibr48-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbt065"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr60-0091415020905553","first-page":"72","volume":"18","author":"Park S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"bibr49-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"bibr50-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-011-9492-3"},{"key":"bibr66-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.03.015"},{"key":"bibr51-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61489-0"},{"key":"bibr52-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J031v12n04_04"},{"key":"bibr53-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191110374797"},{"key":"bibr54-0091415020905553","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. (2011). 2010 census American fact finder. http:\/\/factfinder.census.gov"},{"key":"bibr55-0091415020905553","volume-title":"The Asian population: 2010","author":"U.S. Census Bureau","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr56-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/58.5.S305"},{"key":"bibr57-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/AJ62-QQKT-YJ47-B1T8"},{"key":"bibr58-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557850600824104"},{"key":"bibr59-0091415020905553","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnt018"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Aging and Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0091415020905553","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0091415020905553","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0091415020905553","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:00:07Z","timestamp":1777366807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0091415020905553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0091415020905553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0091415020905553","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-4150","1541-3535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-4150","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-3535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]}}}