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Based on the Big-Five personality traits, we use the latent class analysis to generate two types of social dispositions, social independence and social dependence. With social dispositions taken into account, living alone contributes to life satisfaction in opposite ways for immigrant and Canadian-born older adults, by playing a negative role for the former group and a positive role for the latter. The trend of higher life satisfaction among the living-alone Canadian-born are mainly among the socially independent, whereas for immigrants, socially dependent older adults experience the lowest level of life satisfaction when living alone. Therefore, while socially independent Canadian-born older adults gain a \u201cliving-alone premium\u201d in life satisfaction; their socially dependent immigrant counterparts experience a \u201cliving-alone penalty\u201d in life satisfaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00914150241268089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T05:00:30Z","timestamp":1723525230000},"page":"267-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Penalty Versus Premium: Social Disposition Differentiates Life Satisfaction Among Living-Alone Immigrant and Native-Born Older Adults\u2014Findings From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5718-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Faculty of Health and Community Studies, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9705-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esme","family":"Fuller-Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work and Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Immigration. 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