{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:16:18Z","timestamp":1777536978131,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Communication Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors examined the impact of intimacy, relational uncertainty, and a partner\u2019s interference on the directness of communication about relational irritations. The authors hypothesized that directness has (a) a positive association with the perceived negativity of irritations, intimacy, and self uncertainty; (b) a negative association with relationship uncertainty; (c) a negative association with partner uncertainty that is mediated by relationship uncertainty; and (d) a positive association with a partner\u2019s interference that is mediated by the perceived negativity of irritations. The authors conducted a longitudinal Web-based survey in which individuals in romantic associations reported on qualities of their relationships once per week for 6 weeks. A structural equation model of data from the first week was consistent with the authors\u2019 hypotheses. Longitudinal analyses of the full data set using hierarchical linear modeling provided mixed support for the authors\u2019 predictions. The article discusses the implications of the findings for understanding both communicative directness and turbulence within developing dating relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650206291482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,25]],"date-time":"2006-08-25T22:41:55Z","timestamp":1156545715000},"page":"391-418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["A Relational Turbulence Model of Communication About Irritations in Romantic Relationships"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Theiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise Haunani","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00171.x"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2000.tb00756.x"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2004.00091.x"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Balancing the secrets of private disclosures","author":"Afifi, W. A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/08934219609367642","volume":"9","author":"Afifi, W. A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Communication Reports"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships","author":"Altman, I.","year":"1973"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.1994.9711377"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224549709595410"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407585023002"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Language and social knowledge: Uncertainty in interpersonal relationships","author":"Berger, C. R.","year":"1982"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00258.x"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Close relationships","author":"Berscheid, E.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872678704000105"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118619179"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.4.713"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Close relationships: Review of personality and social psychology","author":"Bradbury, T. N.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.63.4.613"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-143550-9.50011-2"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2001.tb02892.x"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00807.x"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods","author":"Bryk, A. S.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1989.tb00202.x"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"479","volume":"30","author":"Caughlin, J. P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Communication Research"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750216546"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407585023003"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"Cloven, D. H. (1992).\n                      Conflict avoidance in personal relationships: An examination of motives\n                      . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL."},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10570319109374376"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637759309376309"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.1994.tb00059.x"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1350-4126.2005.00115.x"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0363452042000307443"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407505050944"},{"key":"atypb33","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Attribution theory: Applications to achievement, mental health, and interpersonal conflict","author":"Fincham, F. D.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08934210009367727"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00909880216574"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.2.247"},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"Cognition, communication, and romantic relationships","author":"Honeycutt, J. M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb38","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Research in organizational behavior","author":"Hunter, J. E.","year":"1982"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6811.00042"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637758609376126"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650203261516"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"Using the relational turbulence model to understand negative emotion within courtship","author":"Knobloch, L. K.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10510979909388499"},{"key":"atypb44","first-page":"243","volume":"28","author":"Knobloch, L. K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Communication Research"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6811.09406"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2003.tb00853.x"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00036.x"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699938808412701"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365098025001001"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637757809375965"},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407505049324"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.9.2.196"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.2.327"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637758809376172"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23808985.1991.11678796"},{"key":"atypb56","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Intimate relationships: Development, dynamics, and deterioration","author":"Perlman, D.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book4588"},{"key":"atypb58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00062.x"},{"key":"atypb59","volume-title":"Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods","author":"Raudenbush, S. W.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb60","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Intimates in conflict: A communication perspective","author":"Roloff, M. E.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00167.x"},{"key":"atypb62","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Balancing the secrets of private disclosures","author":"Roloff, M. E.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb022877"},{"key":"atypb64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637757909375991"},{"key":"atypb65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0029841"},{"key":"atypb66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.60.1.53"},{"key":"atypb67","volume-title":"annual meeting of the National Communication Association","author":"Samp, J. A."},{"key":"atypb68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407502193002"},{"key":"atypb69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637759409376342"},{"key":"atypb70","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Handbook of family communication","author":"Sillars, A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb71","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Strategic interpersonal communication","author":"Sillars, A. L.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637759709376409"},{"key":"atypb73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407501186004"},{"key":"atypb74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407504047838"},{"key":"atypb75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407598152004"},{"key":"atypb76","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Conflict in personal relationships","author":"Spitzberg, B. H.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025601423031"},{"key":"atypb78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.49.2.357"},{"key":"atypb79","volume-title":"meeting of the National Communication Association","author":"Theiss, J. A."},{"key":"atypb80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750128052"}],"container-title":["Communication Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0093650206291482","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0093650206291482","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:04:11Z","timestamp":1777395851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0093650206291482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0093650206291482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093650206291482","relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-6502","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3810","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}