{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:17:24Z","timestamp":1777537044487,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Communication Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study found that increasing the pacing of antisubstance radio Public Service Announcements (PSAs) increased perceived effects on self and diminished perceived differences between effects on self and on others. This was more evident for messages with arousing content than for those with calm content. The study used a mixed multivariate design with arousing content (2), production pacing (3), and message (4) as within-subjects factors and order of presentation (4) as a between-subjects factor. The impact of increased pacing was greater for those who made third-person (3P) judgments (others more affected than self) than by those who made first-person (1P) judgments (self more affected than others). In addition to message features, behavior also influenced perceived message effects. Analysis of a subset of PSAs using antismoking messages found that smokers were more likely to make 3P judgments and nonsmokers 1P judgments about message effects. Implications for PSA design are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650207307900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,13]],"date-time":"2007-11-13T19:27:50Z","timestamp":1194982070000},"page":"618-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Telling Me Quickly"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"T. Makana","family":"Chock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University"}]},{"given":"Julia R.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Delaware"}]},{"given":"Seungjo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452233260.n3"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/8.2.142"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/269092"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650203261513"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/268763"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420250107"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp1703_2"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365099026003001"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"93","volume":"2","author":"Gunter, B.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00712.x"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/8.3.248"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365092019005002"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365099026006001"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Paper presented to the Information Systems Division at the annual conference of the International Communication Association","author":"Lang, A."},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02833.x"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"145","volume":"1","author":"Lang, A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Paper presented to the Information Systems Division at the annual conference of the International Communication Association","author":"Lang, A."},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Paper presented to the Theory and Methodology Division at the annual conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication","author":"Lang, A."},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"The international a fective picture system slides and technical report","author":"Lang, P.J.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.3.502"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365089016002004"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"353","volume":"1","author":"Perloff, R.M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"147","volume":"2","author":"Potter, R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/8.2.120"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. 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