{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:19:39Z","timestamp":1777537179708,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,9]],"date-time":"2009-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Communication Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent empirical research has vividly demonstrated the hostile media effect\u2014the tendency for individuals highly involved in a controversial issue to see media coverage of that issue as hostile to their own point of view. This type of contrast bias\u2014along with its assimilation counterpart\u2014is hypothesized to stem from preexisting partisan attitudes coupled with other explanatory factors, including perceived reach of the message and characteristics of the source. To test these predictions, we recruited partisan respondents who were either Native American or sympathetic to native issues. Participants ( N = 152) read information, varying in apparent circulation (low, medium and high reach) and source (friendly vs. not friendly) characteristics, on the issue of genetically modified wild rice, a controversial topic for native people in the upper Midwest. Variations in reach produced a linear trend in judgments of bias in the predicted direction. However, overall evaluations tended toward assimilation rather than contrast effects, and two distinct dimensions of partisanship produced surprising and provocative results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650209346804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,9]],"date-time":"2009-10-09T22:11:59Z","timestamp":1255126319000},"page":"747-764","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Assimilation and Contrast in a Test of the Hostile Media Effect"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Albert C.","family":"Gunther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison,"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}]},{"given":"Janice L.","family":"Liebhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769900308000203"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"The audience","author":"Bauer, R.","year":"1973"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466602321149858"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"75","volume":"5","author":"Chaffee, S.H.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mass communication review yearbook"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650208326462"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600290109988"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2585932"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp2702_5"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.1994.1008"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021859907145"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/269308"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365098025005002"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769900107800405"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769909907600207"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322846"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2006.00295.x"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02613.x"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.106.2.290"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Conceptualizing partisanship: Dimensions of involvement with the issue of genetically modified food","author":"Liebhart, J.L.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.11.2098"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"The fight to save the tradition of wild rice","author":"Mertens, R.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365089016002004"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"White Earth members seek ban on genetically modified wild rice","author":"Robertson, T.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Salmon, C.T. ( 1986). Perspectives on involvement in consumer and communication research. In B. Dervin & M. Voight (Eds.), Progress in the communication sciences (Vol. 7, pp. 243-268). 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