{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:20:15Z","timestamp":1777537215170,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]],"date-time":"2010-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Communication Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Growing evidence suggests that basic exposure measures, such as recognition-based items, might not operate identically among older and younger adults. We present two studies relevant to this debate. Study 1 provides experimental confirmation of the recognition decline hypothesis, finding an interaction between age and exposure in predicting recognition memory for an advertisement related to global warming. Study 2 assesses television news project evaluation data to explore whether verbatim detail recognition difficulty explains Study 1 results. The two studies provide complementary evidence, not only illustrating recognition decline among the elderly but also providing careful control of exposure in Study 1 and the use of multiple messages, realistic viewing scenarios, and free recall data in Study 2. Taken together, the studies offer a cautionary tale for campaign evaluators. On a broader theoretical level, the results suggest a fruitful path for communication research focused on the nuanced and potentially critical moderating role of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650209356442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]],"date-time":"2010-05-27T22:06:40Z","timestamp":1274998000000},"page":"603-619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Aging and the Questionable Validity of Recognition-Based Exposure Measurement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Southwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}]},{"given":"Nathan D.","family":"Gilkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}]},{"given":"Jacob B.","family":"Depue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh K.","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Friedenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}]},{"given":"Wilma","family":"Koutstaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken, L.S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838159609364364"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195154054.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01115212"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.ep10770653"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.06.010"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.13.3.474"},{"issue":"3","key":"atypb8","first-page":"38","volume":"64","author":"Davies, P.S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Social Security Bulletin"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Paper presented at Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication annual conference","author":"Depue, J."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09505430701368938"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"Fisher, R.A.","year":"1921","journal-title":"Metron"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15506878jobem4804_7"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838159709364401"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.10.755"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Message effects research: Principles of design and analysis","author":"Jackson, S.A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6053.2009.01033.x"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.01441"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.1997.2529"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Koutstaal, W. & Schacter, D.L. 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