{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:51:56Z","timestamp":1771275116219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]],"date-time":"2010-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1292284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Communication Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Cultivation theory and research have been criticized for their failures to consider variation in effects by genre, employ appropriate third-variable controls, and determine causal direction. Recent studies, controlling for a variety of demographic characteristics and media use variables, have found that exposure to local television (TV) newscasts is associated with a variety of problematic \u201creal-world\u201d beliefs. However, many of these studies have not adequately assessed causal direction. Redressing this limitation, we analyzed data from a two-wave national representative survey which permitted tests of lagged association between overall TV viewing, local TV news viewing, and fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention. We first replicated the original cultivation effect and found a positive association between overall TV viewing at Time 1 and increased fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention at Time 2. Analyses also provided evidence that local TV news viewing at Time 1 predicts increased fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention at Time 2. There was little evidence for reverse causation in predicting changes in overall TV viewing or local TV news viewing. The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications of these findings. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650210384990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]],"date-time":"2010-12-15T02:23:53Z","timestamp":1292379833000},"page":"731-753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Genre-Specific Cultivation Effects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Chul-joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Niederdeppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19312450802063180"},{"key":"bibr2-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19312450802063040"},{"key":"bibr3-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-28-5-927"},{"key":"bibr4-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.53.5.268"},{"key":"bibr5-0093650210384990","volume-title":"Media effects: Advances in theory and research","author":"Bryant J.","year":"2008","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr6-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021423"},{"key":"bibr7-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30134-X"},{"key":"bibr8-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08934210009367728"},{"key":"bibr9-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-11-199612010-00026"},{"key":"bibr10-0093650210384990","volume-title":"Quasi-experiment: Design & analysis issues for field settings","author":"Cook T. D.","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr11-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08858190802664727"},{"key":"bibr12-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01397.x"},{"key":"bibr13-0093650210384990","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Perspectives on media effects","author":"Gerbner G.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr14-0093650210384990","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Media effects: Advances in theory and research","author":"Gerbner G.","year":"2002","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr15-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2003.tb02599.x"},{"key":"bibr16-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00576.x"},{"key":"bibr17-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365028000700401"},{"key":"bibr18-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365028100800101"},{"key":"bibr19-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2003.tb00289.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/268597"},{"key":"bibr21-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2008.00324.x"},{"key":"bibr22-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0202-74"},{"key":"bibr23-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205430802694869"},{"key":"bibr24-0093650210384990","unstructured":"Lee C.J., Long M., Slater M. D. (2010). Comparing local TV news with national TV news in cancer coverage. Unpublished manuscript, The Ohio State University, Columbus."},{"key":"bibr25-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(97)00086-9"},{"key":"bibr26-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J074v13n01_05"},{"key":"bibr27-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23808985.1997.11678937"},{"key":"bibr28-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838150802205181"},{"key":"bibr29-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2009.01474.x"},{"key":"bibr30-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0608"},{"key":"bibr31-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136319"},{"key":"bibr32-0093650210384990","volume-title":"Mortality from smoking in developed countries, 1950-2000: Indirect estimates from national vital statistics","author":"Peto R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr33-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.554"},{"key":"bibr34-0093650210384990","unstructured":"Pew Research Center. (2009a, May 6). Local TV a top source for swine flu news. Washington, DC: The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. Retrieved from http:\/\/people-press.org\/reports\/pdf\/514.pdf"},{"key":"bibr35-0093650210384990","unstructured":"Pew Research Center. (2009b, September 12). Press accuracy rating hits two decade low. Washington, DC: The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. Retrieved from http:\/\/people-press.org\/reports\/pdf\/543.pdf"},{"key":"bibr36-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1987.tb00120.x"},{"key":"bibr37-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838159009386745"},{"key":"bibr38-0093650210384990","first-page":"170","volume":"12","author":"Pribble J. M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"bibr39-0093650210384990","unstructured":"Project for Excellence in Journalism. (2005). Local TV. The State of the News Media, 2005. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.stateofthemedia.org\/2005\/narrative_localtv_intro.asp?cat=1&media=6"},{"key":"bibr40-0093650210384990","unstructured":"Project for Excellence in Journalism. (2006). A day in the life of the media. The State of the News Media, 2006. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.stateofthemedia.org\/2006\/narrative_daymedia_intro.asp?media=2"},{"key":"bibr41-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.03.008"},{"key":"bibr42-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2003.tb03007.x"},{"key":"bibr43-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/comm.2004.024"},{"key":"bibr44-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(01)00157-4"},{"key":"bibr45-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-11-199712010-00003"},{"key":"bibr46-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365095022004002"},{"key":"bibr47-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2007.00296.x"},{"key":"bibr48-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650203258281"},{"key":"bibr49-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730802279571"},{"key":"bibr50-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023278230797"},{"key":"bibr51-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410230802229894"},{"key":"bibr52-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019817800600107"},{"key":"bibr53-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410230701307527"},{"key":"bibr54-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2006.00004.x"},{"key":"bibr55-0093650210384990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.21.2856"}],"container-title":["Communication Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0093650210384990","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0093650210384990","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0093650210384990","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T23:36:38Z","timestamp":1740958598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0093650210384990"}},"subtitle":["Lagged Associations Between Overall TV Viewing, Local TV News Viewing, and Fatalistic Beliefs About Cancer Prevention"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0093650210384990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093650210384990","relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-6502","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3810","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]]}}}