{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:58:12Z","timestamp":1777535892868,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]],"date-time":"2013-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Communication Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines the effects of informational, interactional, and creative forms of Internet use on behavioral and cognitive indicators of youth democratic engagement. Data from an extensive two-wave panel survey of Swedish adolescents ( N = 1,520) were examined. Results show that the effects of informational and interactional Internet use on political participation are indirect, with online political interactions acting as an intervening variable. In addition, creative production was found to be a direct positive predictor of online and offline political participation but negatively related to political knowledge. The effects were statistically significant even when accounting for self-selection and previous levels of democratic engagement. Taken together, these findings contribute novel theoretical insights into the mechanisms by which Internet use may encourage or hinder youths\u2019 democratic engagement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650213476295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,23]],"date-time":"2013-02-23T07:13:08Z","timestamp":1361603588000},"page":"796-818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Information, Interaction, and Creative Production"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Mats","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"\u00d6stman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agency for Special Needs Education and Schools, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446222331"},{"key":"bibr2-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691180802282720"},{"key":"bibr3-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/268442"},{"key":"bibr4-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.21.4.726"},{"key":"bibr5-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650210381738"},{"key":"bibr6-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2008.00410.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13621020902731116"},{"key":"bibr8-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600050178924"},{"key":"bibr9-0093650213476295","volume-title":"The uses of mass communication: Current perspectives on gratification research","author":"Blumler J.","year":"1974"},{"key":"bibr10-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600902854363"},{"key":"bibr11-0093650213476295","volume-title":"Youth, identity and digital media","author":"Buckingham D.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr12-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769907004700401"},{"key":"bibr13-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/268648"},{"key":"bibr14-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2010.534375"},{"key":"bibr15-0093650213476295","volume-title":"Media and political engagement: Citizens, communication and democracy","author":"Dahlgren P.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr16-0093650213476295","first-page":"235","volume":"35","author":"Davies R. B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of the Market Research Society"},{"key":"bibr17-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323113475410"},{"key":"bibr18-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769900207900103"},{"key":"bibr19-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2006.00299.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0404_03"},{"key":"bibr21-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600500311345"},{"key":"bibr22-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.09.020"},{"key":"bibr23-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983594"},{"key":"bibr24-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809341391"},{"key":"bibr25-0093650213476295","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Television studies after TV: Understanding television in the post-broadcast era","author":"Hartley J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr26-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360"},{"key":"bibr27-0093650213476295","unstructured":"Hirzalla F., van Zoonen L. (2008). Uses of the web for civic participation (Deliverable 8). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.civicweb.eu\/content\/view\/28\/7\/"},{"key":"bibr28-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600802622837"},{"key":"bibr29-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984782"},{"key":"bibr30-0093650213476295","volume-title":"Textual poachers: Television fans and participatory culture","author":"Jenkins H.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr31-0093650213476295","volume-title":"Convergence culture. Where old and new media collide","author":"Jenkins H.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr32-0093650213476295","first-page":"19","volume-title":"The uses of mass communication: Current perspective on gratification research","author":"Katz E.","year":"1974"},{"key":"bibr33-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769901008700305"},{"key":"bibr34-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650212436712"},{"key":"bibr35-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809341264"},{"key":"bibr36-0093650213476295","volume-title":"Paper presented at the 60th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association in Singapore","author":"Littau J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr37-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691180500259103"},{"key":"bibr38-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203946725"},{"key":"bibr39-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00140.x"},{"key":"bibr40-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.83"},{"key":"bibr41-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/edh079"},{"key":"bibr42-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764207300048"},{"key":"bibr43-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(00)00131-2"},{"key":"bibr44-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/105846099198659"},{"key":"bibr45-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600802710384"},{"key":"bibr46-0093650213476295","volume-title":"Mass communication theory: An Introduction","author":"McQuail D.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr47-0093650213476295","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Sociology of mass communication","author":"McQuail D.","year":"1972"},{"key":"bibr48-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444812438212"},{"key":"bibr49-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650206287073"},{"key":"bibr50-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331680902996403"},{"key":"bibr51-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323105058251"},{"key":"bibr52-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439307312631"},{"key":"bibr53-0093650213476295","volume-title":"Smart mobs. The next social revolution","author":"Rheingold H.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr54-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327825MCS0301_02"},{"key":"bibr55-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365020202900103"},{"key":"bibr56-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650205279209"},{"key":"bibr57-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/105846001750322952"},{"key":"bibr58-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600802710384"},{"key":"bibr59-0093650213476295","volume-title":"Integration\u2014A description of the situation in Sweden","author":"Statistics Sweden","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr60-0093650213476295","unstructured":"Statistics Sweden. (2010). Utrikes f\u00f6dda efter l\u00e4n, \u00e5lder i tio\u00e5rsklasser och k\u00f6n. \u00c5r 2001-2010. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ssd.scb.se\/databaser\/makro\/MainTable.asp?yp=qmnggr&xu=91506001&omradekod=BE&omradetext=Befolkning&lang=1"},{"key":"bibr61-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405904.2010.511834"},{"key":"bibr62-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203878316"},{"key":"bibr63-0093650213476295","volume-title":"Participation in America: Political democracy and social equality","author":"Verba S.","year":"1972"},{"key":"bibr64-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2007.00364.x"},{"key":"bibr65-0093650213476295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511818691"}],"container-title":["Communication Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0093650213476295","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0093650213476295","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0093650213476295","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:00:50Z","timestamp":1777395650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0093650213476295"}},"subtitle":["The Effects of Three Forms of Internet Use on Youth Democratic Engagement"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0093650213476295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0093650213476295","relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-6502","1552-3810"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-6502","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3810","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]]}}}