{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:00:35Z","timestamp":1777536035285,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Communication Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While media research has long ago acknowledged that watching TV is a social activity, only a few studies have examined the effects of co-viewing on adult reactions to a televised text. In the current investigation, we used social-cognitive theory combined with previous research on the intra-audience effect, audience identification, transportation, and attitude change to develop hypotheses connecting co-viewers\u2019 reactions, co-viewers\u2019 gender, and viewer\u2019s post-exposure attitudes. Participants watched a movie segment that ended in a rape scene. We manipulated their confederate co-viewers\u2019 displayed reaction (enthusiastic or bored) and gender, and subsequently measured perceived co-viewers\u2019 attributions of responsibility for the rape, the viewers\u2019 transportation, identification with the male protagonist, and acceptance of the rape myth (the tendency to attribute responsibility for sexual violence to the victim). Results demonstrated that for those participants who correctly perceived the engagement manipulation, the effect of the confederate co-viewer\u2019s engagement manipulation on rape myth acceptance was positive and significant. In addition, both manipulations had an indirect effect on rape myth acceptance, sequentially mediated through transportation and identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650215595073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T21:50:14Z","timestamp":1438120214000},"page":"577-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Does the Co-Viewing of Sexual Material Affect Rape Myth Acceptance? The Role of the Co-Viewer\u2019s Reactions and Gender"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Nurit","family":"Tal-Or","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, University of Haifa, Israel"}]},{"given":"Yariv","family":"Tsfati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, University of Haifa, Israel"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00711.x"},{"key":"bibr2-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.53.1.30"},{"key":"bibr3-0093650215595073","volume-title":"Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr4-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0303_03"},{"key":"bibr5-0093650215595073","volume-title":"Paper presented at the meeting of ICA","author":"Banjo O.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr6-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/comm.2011.002"},{"key":"bibr7-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1982.tb02511.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.38.2.217"},{"key":"bibr9-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00739.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260903287259"},{"key":"bibr11-0093650215595073","first-page":"106","volume":"9","author":"Check J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"key":"bibr12-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327825MCS0403_01"},{"key":"bibr13-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650211408594"},{"key":"bibr14-0093650215595073","volume-title":"Limitless","author":"Dixon L.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr15-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838158909364060"},{"key":"bibr16-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365027500200105"},{"key":"bibr17-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-005-3735-5"},{"key":"bibr18-0093650215595073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.5.701"},{"key":"bibr19-0093650215595073","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"Hayes A. 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