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This study extends optimal matching theory and examines how the discrepancy between the support people want and what they receive (called support gaps) corresponds with hurt feelings, perceived negative relational consequences, and esteem improvement. People can either receive less support than the desire (i.e., be under-benefited) or receive more support than they desire (i.e., be over-benefited), and these different types of support gaps produce distinct patterns of results. Specifically, action-facilitating support, which includes informational and tangible support, and nurturant support, which includes emotional, esteem, and network support, were studied. Results showed that being over-benefited in informational support and being under-benefited in emotional and esteem support is hurtful, and hurt corresponded with negative relational consequences and reduced esteem improvement. Implications for research on support gaps and hurt feelings are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650215605155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]],"date-time":"2015-09-22T20:08:27Z","timestamp":1442952507000},"page":"785-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The Effect of Under- and Over-Benefited Support Gaps on Hurt Feelings, Esteem, and Relationships"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"High","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407506070476"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"An experimental approach to social support communications: Interactive coping in close relationships","volume":"18","author":"Barbee A. 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