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Incarcerated males with preincarceration heroin dependence ( n = 197) were randomly assigned to (a) group educational counseling (counseling only); (b) counseling, with opportunity to begin methadone maintenance on release (counseling + transfer); or (c) counseling and methadone maintenance in prison, with opportunity to continue methadone maintenance on release (counseling + methadone). At 90-day follow-up, counseling + methadone participants were significantly more likely than counseling-only and counseling + transfer participants to attend drug treatment ( p = .0001) and less likely to be reincarcerated ( p = .019). Counseling + methadone and counseling + transfer participants were significantly less likely (all ps &lt; .05) to report heroin use, cocaine use, and criminal involvement than counseling-only participants. Follow-up is needed to determine whether these findings hold over a longer period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854807309111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,7]],"date-time":"2008-01-07T18:03:38Z","timestamp":1199729018000},"page":"34-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["A Study of Methadone Maintenance for Male Prisoners"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Timothy W.","family":"Kinlock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends Research Institute, Inc. University of Baltimore,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends Research Institute, Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends Research Institute, Inc. 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