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Dormitories containing 197 incarcerated males aged 16 to 18 years were randomly assigned to either a CBT\/MT program or an active control condition. A cognitive task was administered pretreatment and again 4 months later, upon treatment completion. Performance on all outcome variables was significantly worse at follow-up compared with baseline. There were marginally significant group by time interactions. While the control group performance significantly declined in both cognitive control and emotion regulation, the CBT\/MT group showed no significant decline in either outcome. This is the first study to probe the effects of incarceration on these three processes. 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