{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:31:57Z","timestamp":1793305917871,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100009633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100009633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Black Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u201cThe Talk\u201d refers to a specific type of racial socialization message that many Black parents have with their children about how to safely conduct themselves when interacting with police officers and other individuals in positions of power. With the recent increased exposure of racialized violence against Black people at the hands of police and vigilantes in the United States, many parents of young Black children now feel especially compelled to initiate these conversations to equip their children with the necessary knowledge to protect themselves when interacting with police officers. Black parents bear the unjust burden of striking a balance between alerting their children of possible harm while also not villainizing every member of law enforcement their child may encounter. This qualitative study examines \u201cthe Talk\u201d occurring between 45 Black American parents and their young school-age children via observational methods. Findings of this study help to illuminate this critically important experience that characterizes Black familial processes and particularly the plight of parents socializing Black children. Implications for parent education and clinical interventions are also provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00957984211034294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T03:59:32Z","timestamp":1627271972000},"page":"475-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["\u201cThe Talk\u201d and Parenting While Black in America: Centering Race, Resistance, and Refuge"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3668-8540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Child and Family Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"O\u2019Brien Caughy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret T.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/08992363-7-1-77"},{"key":"bibr56-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12343"},{"key":"bibr2-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798417732930"},{"key":"bibr3-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000392"},{"key":"bibr4-00957984211034294","volume-title":"Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States","author":"Bonilla-Silva E.","year":"2006","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr5-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/amet.12112"},{"key":"bibr6-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31130-9"},{"key":"bibr7-00957984211034294","volume-title":"Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development","author":"Boyatzis R. E.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr8-00957984211034294","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Black children: Social, educational, and parental environments","author":"Boykin A. W.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr9-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"bibr10-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1999.0213"},{"key":"bibr11-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.32.7.513"},{"key":"bibr12-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845"},{"key":"bibr13-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798412461806"},{"key":"bibr14-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9133.2007.00423.x"},{"key":"bibr15-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078087408326973"},{"key":"bibr16-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12251"},{"key":"bibr17-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-210059"},{"key":"bibr18-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2010.00712.x"},{"key":"bibr19-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122412448648"},{"key":"bibr20-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JCFS.0000022035.07171.f8"},{"key":"bibr21-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-016-0040-2"},{"key":"bibr22-00957984211034294","volume-title":"Critical race theory. The key writings that formed the movement","author":"Crenshaw K.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr23-00957984211034294","volume-title":"Critical race theory: The cutting edge","author":"Delgado R.","year":"2000","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr24-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1821204116"},{"key":"bibr25-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12039"},{"key":"bibr26-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131600"},{"key":"bibr27-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302046"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr28-00957984211034294","first-page":"24","volume":"22","author":"Hardy K. V.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reclaiming Children and Youth"},{"key":"bibr30-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798419887069"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr31-00957984211034294","first-page":"1550","volume":"22","author":"Hart-Johnson A. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Qualitative Report"},{"key":"bibr32-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532480xads0104_4"},{"key":"bibr33-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.42.5.747"},{"key":"bibr35-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2153368717734291"},{"key":"bibr54-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2006.02.001"},{"key":"bibr36-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406917733847"},{"key":"bibr37-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129158"},{"key":"bibr38-00957984211034294","first-page":"695","volume":"13","author":"Ortlipp M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Qualitative Report"},{"key":"bibr39-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/socf.12380"},{"key":"bibr40-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204014547591"},{"key":"bibr41-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soin.12166"},{"key":"bibr42-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12192"},{"key":"bibr43-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/socf.12361"},{"key":"bibr44-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798419865152"},{"key":"bibr55-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12562"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr45-00957984211034294","first-page":"14","volume":"1","author":"Sokol J. T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Graduate Journal of Counseling sychology"},{"key":"bibr46-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066480794023002"},{"key":"bibr47-00957984211034294","volume-title":"Promoting racial literacy in schools: Differences that make a difference","author":"Stevenson H. C.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr48-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X97029002003"},{"key":"bibr49-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2009.00159.x"},{"key":"bibr50-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798414563610"},{"key":"bibr51-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X16670280"},{"key":"bibr52-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3115118"},{"key":"bibr53-00957984211034294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2015.1127736"}],"container-title":["Journal of Black Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00957984211034294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00957984211034294","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00957984211034294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:00:26Z","timestamp":1777492826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00957984211034294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00957984211034294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00957984211034294","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-7984","1552-4558"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-7984","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4558","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]}}}