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Survival without nutrition support is not always assured because of inadequate nutrient stores. Institution of nutrition support in children with chronic illnesses also promotes growth and development. Enteral nutrition is preferred because of immunologic benefits, lower cost, and less frequent infectious complications. Parenteral nutrition should be considered when enteral nutrition fails or is contraindicated. Successful nutrition rehabilitation can result if both enteral and parenteral nutrition are initiated slowly and advanced as tolerated. Ongoing monitoring is essential while promoting \u201cnormal\u201d growth and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426593008005199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,14]],"date-time":"2008-05-14T19:23:41Z","timestamp":1210793021000},"page":"199-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Invited Review: Pediatric Nutrition Support"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Marian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1990.01410150125024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"917","article-title":"The gut\u2010a central organ after surgical stress","volume":"104","author":"Wilmore DW","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Nutritional support in critical care","author":"Groh\u2010Wargo S.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02328630"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.3.368","article-title":"Enteral nutrition in infants with congenital heart disease and growth failure","volume":"86","author":"Schwarz SM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Infant feeding and enteral nutrition","volume":"3","author":"Merritt RJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"NCP"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80126-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80695-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80492-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80940-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.66.2.233","article-title":"Nutritional balance studies in very\u2010low\u2010birth\u2010weight infants: enhanced nutrient retention rates by an experimental formula","volume":"66","author":"Shenai JP","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Enteral feeding management in pediatric patients","volume":"13","author":"Sinden A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dietitians in Pediatric Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group Newsletter: Building Block for Life"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(74)80334-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.77.3.275","article-title":"Early enteral feeding does not affect the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"77","author":"Ostertag SG","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198601000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19870301-08"},{"volume-title":"Childhood constipation and soiling: a practical guide for parents and children","year":"1986","author":"Owens\u2010Stively J.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1"},{"volume-title":"Manual of pediatric nutrition","year":"1985","author":"Walker WA","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1"},{"volume-title":"Boston Children's Hospital Department of Nutrition and Food Service","year":"1987","author":"Pediatric Nutrition Handbook","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607186010003322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80394-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80975-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Manual of pediatric parenteral nutrition","author":"Kerner JA","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.71.4.547","article-title":"Commentary on parenteral nutrition","volume":"71","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"TPN in the pediatric patient. 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