{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:17:50Z","timestamp":1777864670720,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]],"date-time":"2015-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J R Soc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:p>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The best practice tariff for hip and knee replacement in the English National Health Service (NHS) rewards providers based on improvements in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) collected before and after surgery. Providers only receive a bonus if at least 50% of their patients complete the preoperative questionnaire. We determined how many providers failed to meet this threshold prior to the policy introduction and assessed longitudinal stability of participation rates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective observational study using data from Hospital Episode Statistics and the national PROM programme from April 2009 to March 2012. We calculated participation rates based on either (a) all PROM records or (b) only those that could be linked to inpatient records; constructed confidence intervals around rates to account for sampling variation; applied precision weighting to allow for volume; and applied risk adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n NHS hospitals and private providers in England.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n NHS patients undergoing elective unilateral hip and knee replacement surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n Number of providers with participation rates statistically significantly below 50%.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Crude rates identified many providers that failed to achieve the 50% threshold but there were substantially fewer after adjusting for uncertainty and precision. While important, risk adjustment required restricting the analysis to linked data. Year-on-year correlation between provider participation rates was moderate.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Participation rates have improved over time and only a small number of providers now fall below the threshold, but administering preoperative questionnaires remains problematic in some providers. We recommend that participation rates are based on linked data and take into account sampling variation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076815576700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T11:21:43Z","timestamp":1427887303000},"page":"304-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Should English healthcare providers be penalised for failing to collect patient-reported outcome measures? A retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Nils","family":"Gutacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Bojke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzs079"},{"key":"bibr2-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.22.3.134"},{"key":"bibr3-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1810"},{"key":"bibr4-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2013.01.008"},{"key":"bibr5-0141076815576700","volume-title":"Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS","author":"Department of Health","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr6-0141076815576700","volume-title":"The NHS Outcomes Framework 2013\u201314","author":"Department of Health","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr7-0141076815576700","volume-title":"Measuring Success in the NHS: Using Patient Assessed Health Outcomes to Manage the Performance of Health Care Providers","author":"Appleby J","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr8-0141076815576700","unstructured":"Monitor & NHS England.\n 2014\/15 National Tariff Payment System \u2013 Annex 4A: additional information on currencies with national prices\n . London: Monitor & NHS England, 2013."},{"key":"bibr9-0141076815576700","unstructured":"Ash AS, Fienberg SE, Louis TA, Normand S-LT, Stukel TA and Utts J.\n Statistical issues in assessing hospital performance\n . Woodlawn, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2012."},{"key":"bibr10-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0924345970080401"},{"key":"bibr11-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2983325"},{"key":"bibr12-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1997.10474036"},{"key":"bibr13-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-66"},{"key":"bibr14-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B2.0780185"},{"key":"bibr15-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.7859"},{"key":"bibr16-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1009213286"},{"key":"bibr17-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"bibr18-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410604118"},{"key":"bibr19-0141076815576700","volume-title":"Multilevel Analysis \u2013 An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling","author":"Snijders TAB","year":"2012","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr20-0141076815576700","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2009.00587.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0141076815576700","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0141076815576700","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0141076815576700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:46:16Z","timestamp":1777527976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0141076815576700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0141076815576700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0141076815576700","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-0768","1758-1095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-0768","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1095","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]}}}