{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:55:25Z","timestamp":1790362525360,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J R Soc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the trends and characteristics of opioid-related hospital admissions in England over 10 years, and its burden for the National Health Service and public finances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient-level data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database to examine all opioid-related hospitalisations from 2008 to 2018, stratified by type of opioid admission and patient demographics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All National Health Service hospitals in England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients hospitalised from the harmful use of opioids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of opioid-related hospitalisations, length of stay, in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission rate and treatment costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid-related hospitalisations increased by 48.9%, from 10,805 admissions in 2008 to 16,091 admissions in 2018, with total treatment costs of \u00a3137 million. The growth in opioid-related hospitalisations was 21% above the corresponding rate for all other emergency admissions in England. Relative changes showed that hospitalisations increased most for individuals older than 55 years (160%), those living in the most affluent areas of England (93.8%), and suffering from four co-morbidities (627.6%) or more. Hospitals reduced mean patient length of stay from 2.8 days to 1.1 days over 10 years. Mean in-hospital mortality was 0.4% and mean 30-day readmission risk was 16.6%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid use is an increasing public health concern in England, though hospitalisation and mortality rates are less pronounced than in other countries. There are concerns about significant rises in hospitalisations from older, less deprived and sicker population groups. Our findings should prompt policymakers to go beyond monitoring mortality statistics when assessing the impacts of harmful use of opioids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01410768221077360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T19:05:36Z","timestamp":1643915136000},"page":"173-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Trends and characteristics of hospitalisations from the harmful use of opioids in England between 2008 and 2018: Population-based retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1256-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rocco","family":"Friebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, Houghton Street, WC2A 2AE, UK"},{"name":"Center for Global Development Europe, London, Abbey Gardens, SW1P 3SE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laia","family":"Maynou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, Houghton Street, WC2A 2AE, UK"},{"name":"Department of Econometrics, Statistics and Applied Economics, Universitat de Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Research in Health and Economics, University of Pompeu Fabra, 08005 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Opioid overdose. See www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/opioid-overdose (last checked 26 January 21)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.0217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen LS and Sadeghi NB. The opioid crisis and the 2020 US election: crossroads for a national epidemic. Lancet 2020 24; 396:1316\u20131318.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32113-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Bohnert ASB and Ilgen MA. Understanding links among opioid use overdose and suicide. New England Journal of Medicine. See www-nejm-org.gate3.library.lse.ac.uk\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMra1802148 (last checked 26 January 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. What is the U.S. Opioid Epidemic? HHS.gov. https:\/\/plus.google.com\/+HHS; 2017. 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