{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:46:53Z","timestamp":1784695613970,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/R008345\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R008345\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023699","name":"Health Data Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WP0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WP0017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J R Soc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We undertook a national analysis to characterise and identify risk factors for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) resulting in hospitalisation during the winter period in Scotland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population-based retrospective cohort analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scotland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study involved 5.4 million residents in Scotland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between risk factors and ARI hospitalisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 1 September 2022 and 31 January 2023, there were 22,284 (10.9% of 203,549 with any emergency hospitalisation) ARI hospitalisations (1759 in children and 20,525 in adults) in Scotland. Compared with the reference group of children aged 6\u201317 years, the risk of ARI hospitalisation was higher in children aged 3\u20135 years (aHR\u2009=\u20094.55; 95% CI: 4.11\u20135.04). Compared with those aged 25\u201329 years, the risk of ARI hospitalisation was highest among the oldest adults aged \u226580 years (aHR\u2009=\u20097.86; 95% CI: 7.06\u20138.76). Adults from more deprived areas (most deprived vs. least deprived, aHR\u2009=\u20091.64; 95% CI: 1.57\u20131.72), with existing health conditions (\u22655 vs. 0 health conditions, aHR\u2009=\u20094.84; 95% CI: 4.53\u20135.18) or with history of all-cause emergency admissions (\u22656 vs. 0 previous emergency admissions, aHR\u2009=\u20097.53; 95% CI: 5.48\u201310.35) were at a higher risk of ARI hospitalisations. The risk increased by the number of existing health conditions and previous emergency admission. Similar associations were seen in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Younger children, older adults, those from more deprived backgrounds and individuals with greater numbers of pre-existing conditions and previous emergency admission were at increased risk for winter hospitalisations for ARI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01410768231223584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T10:20:24Z","timestamp":1707733224000},"page":"232-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk of winter hospitalisation and death from acute respiratory infections in Scotland: national retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4101-4535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0260-0515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Millington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, G2 6QE, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0061-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Jeffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa Vittal","family":"Katikireddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"McCowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AJ, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin R","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Woolford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Daines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Swallow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeniyi","family":"Fagbamigbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2ZD, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina A","family":"Vallejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, 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