{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:20:46Z","timestamp":1777864846713,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NHS Race and Health Observatory","award":["2122-59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2122-59"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J R Soc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine symptom patterns between healthcare workers (HCWs) with and without long COVID, identify the most common long COVID symptom groups and investigate how these symptom profiles vary across different ethnic groups, demographic characteristics, clinical factors and occupational roles in UK HCWS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the United Kingdom Research study into Ethnicity and COVID-19 outcomes in Healthcare workers (UK-REACH) cohort study. Data were collected electronically between October 2021 and October 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals aged 16 years or older, residing in the UK, working as HCWs or ancillary workers in a healthcare setting and\/or registered with one of seven major UK healthcare professional regulators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long COVID was defined as symptoms persisting for \u2a7e12 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our primary outcome was the presence or absence of particular groups of long COVID symptoms. We collapsed 28 symptoms into seven groups: cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurocognitive\/neurologic, upper respiratory tract, psychological\/social and systemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 4033 HCWs with a history of COVID-19, those with long COVID (26.5%; 1067\/4033) reported a higher prevalence of systemic, neurological and psychological symptoms compared with those without long COVID. Among those with long COVID, the most commonly reported symptom groups were neurocognitive\/neurologic (63.4%), cardiopulmonary (40.0%) \u2013 highest among Asian HCWs at 45.6% \u2013 and systemic (54.6%), which particularly affected Black and Mixed ethnicities at 64.0% and 63.9%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, Asian HCWs had higher odds of experiencing cardiopulmonary symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.62, 95% CI 1.04\u20132.51,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032), while female HCWs were more likely to experience gastrointestinal (aOR: 3.78, 95% CI 1.14\u201312.45,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.029) and neurocognitive symptoms (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.10\u20132.28,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014). Compared with those in medical roles, musculoskeletal symptoms were more commonly reported by those in nursing (aOR: 2.50, 95% CI 1.32-4.72,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005), allied health professional (aOR: 1.82, 95% CI 1.01\u20133.30,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048) and dental roles (aOR: 3.07, 95% CI 1.31\u20137.17,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.010). Vaccination with two or three doses was protective against several symptom groups, including cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal and neurocognitive symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings are the first to reveal distinct patterns in long COVID symptoms among HCWs with significant variations by ethnicity, sex and occupational role. These findings emphasise the need for targeted support strategies and workplace adjustments that consider both occupation-specific risks and individual sociodemographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01410768251389692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T17:19:54Z","timestamp":1765214394000},"page":"387-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patterns of long COVID symptoms among healthcare workers in the UK and variations by sociodemographic, clinical and occupational factors: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide study (UK-REACH)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1502-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani","family":"Al-Oraibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"Centre For Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher A","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4915-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Woolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Medical School, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura B","family":"Nellums","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Population Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Tarrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1521-9964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish","family":"Pareek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-02796-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Post COVID-19 Condition","author":"WHO","year":"2023","unstructured":"WHO. 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