{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:17:27Z","timestamp":1773983847299,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This paper concerns the improvement on proportional-integration-derivative (PID) control for the electro-optical tracking system for high-mobility targets. To achieve higher tracking precision and stronger disturbance rejection while fully utilizing the existing PID loop, the add-on integration module is proposed and seamlessly integrated into the conventional PID loop. It is proven that for any given conventional PID controller parameters, the add-on integration module based PID control can improve the ability of error attenuation at low frequency and keep the stability of resulting closed-loop system. More importantly, the feasible set of all parameters in the added module is explicitly given. Based on the feasible set, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is adopted to obtain the globally optimal controller\u2019s parameter under certain performance indices. The experiments are carried out for a typical electro-optical tracking test bed with several reference signals. It is shown that the proposed method has much smaller tracking errors than the existing PID method. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0142331220975892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T22:03:32Z","timestamp":1610575412000},"page":"1347-1362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Add-on integration module-based proportional-integration-derivative control for higher precision electro-optical tracking system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Qianwen","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Science, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1785-2018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Science, China"}]},{"given":"Hanwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Science, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0637-9413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenchao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LSC, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Science, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0142331220975892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2016.2634503"},{"key":"bibr2-0142331220975892","volume-title":"PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning","volume":"2","author":"\u00c5str\u00f6m KJ","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr3-0142331220975892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142331208101487"},{"key":"bibr4-0142331220975892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2014.11.015"},{"key":"bibr5-0142331220975892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142331218775491"},{"key":"bibr6-0142331220975892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142331216688749"},{"key":"bibr7-0142331220975892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017"},{"key":"bibr8-0142331220975892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16111920"},{"key":"bibr9-0142331220975892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.56.8.084105"},{"key":"bibr10-0142331220975892","volume-title":"Modern Control Systems","author":"Dorf RC","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr11-0142331220975892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2012.2222858"},{"key":"bibr12-0142331220975892","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Proceedings of SPIE - 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