{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:09:47Z","timestamp":1777910987510,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The sequential Monte Carlo probability hypothesis density (SMC-PHD) filter is an effective multitarget tracking algorithm in nonlinear and non-Gaussian conditions, but its states-estimation accuracy depends on the state extraction method. In order to extract multitarget states, an intelligent self-optimization SMC-PHD filter is proposed in this paper. The main framework of the intelligent SMC-PHD filter, which transforms the clustering problem into an optimization problem, is constructed. To solve this optimization problem, a self-optimization bat algorithm (SBA) is proposed to extract multitarget states of the SMC-PHD filter, which has the ability to search for a better solution by designing global search and local search strategies. The simulation results show that the performance of the SBA is better than that of the k-means algorithm for extracting multitarget states when the targets are close to each other or even overlapping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01423312241284316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T08:41:52Z","timestamp":1732264912000},"page":"349-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An intelligent self-optimization SMC-PHD filter for multitarget tracking"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Mengchu","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Satellite Maritime Tracking and Controlling Department, Jiangyin, ChinaData Availability Statement included at the end of the article"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7668-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yubin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.12.096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-021-02774-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-019-09840-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2963272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-012-1028-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-016-0806-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-013-1131-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-020-06111-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2009.0109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2018.2812711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2018.2832958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2017.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0055641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2008.920469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2013.2284139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2006.881190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2005.1561884"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02644401211235834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2011.11.032"}],"container-title":["Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01423312241284316","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01423312241284316","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01423312241284316","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:12:04Z","timestamp":1777648324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01423312241284316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01423312241284316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01423312241284316","relation":{},"ISSN":["0142-3312","1477-0369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0142-3312","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]}}}