{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:10:10Z","timestamp":1777911010319,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant","award":["62003207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62003207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fractional-order models can describe atypical and nonlinear dynamic behaviors more flexibly than integer-order systems. This article investigates the consensus problem of positive fractional-order multi-agent systems over directed graphs using a distributed observer-based approach. First, a distributed observer is used to estimate the agents\u2019 states, offering larger design flexibility than the classical Luenberger observer. Second, sufficient and necessary conditions for the positive consensus of fractional-order multi-agent systems are established based on positive system theory. As these conditions involve Laplacian matrix information, they are further optimized to sufficient conditions expressed as Riccati-type inequalities by considering the number of nodes in the directed graphs. A semidefinite programming algorithm for achieving consensus in observer-based positive fractional-order multi-agent systems is presented by solving the algebraic Riccati inequalities. Finally, the validity of the results is confirmed through a numerical simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01423312241299860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T05:48:21Z","timestamp":1735019301000},"page":"881-889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Distributed observer-based positive consensus of fractional-order multiagent systems over directed graphs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1400-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yalong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, China"},{"name":"Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liduo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2014.2350571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06213-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2017.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2019.10.032"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"2072","article-title":"Fully distributed event-triggered bipartite output formation control for heterogeneous mass with directed graphs","volume":"70","author":"Jiang PW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang PW, Zhang W, Yan CH, et al. 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