{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:10:14Z","timestamp":1777911014857,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This paper studies an adaptive event-triggered security control for networked control systems (NCSs) under aperiodic denial of service (DoS) attacks and false data injection (FDI) attacks. A state-FDI attack observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable system state and unknown FDI attacks simultaneously. An adaptive event-triggered scheme (AETS) is proposed to conserve network resources while eliminating the impacts of DoS attacks, where the event-triggering (ET) parameter is adjusted according to the average value and the rate of change of neighboring state estimation errors. Based on the AETS, a security control strategy is designed to compensate for FDI attacks actively. Meanwhile, the entire closed-loop switched system is constructed under DoS and FDI hybrid attacks. Using the Lyapunov\u2013Krasovskii function, the exponential stability conditions of NCSs with\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mi>L<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <\/mml:msub>\n                          <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">gain<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    are obtained. Furthermore, the gain matrices of the observer, the ET parameter of the AETS, and the gain matrices of the active compensation controller are co-designed. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified by a numerical example and practical experiment on a brushless direct current motor NCS. The proposed scheme can not only defend hybrid DoS and FDI attacks in NCSs but also effectively relieve network congestion and improve communication efficiency.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01423312241301299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T05:22:17Z","timestamp":1735881737000},"page":"1380-1394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptive event-triggered security control for networked control systems under hybrid attacks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Maosen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7043-8495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.3022568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3143903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2022.3147693"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2016.1313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2017.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6643034","article-title":"Output feedback NCS of DoS attacks triggered by double-ended events","volume":"2021","author":"Feng X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng X, Yang Y, Qi X, et al. 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