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Other risks, including obesity, high-fat eating pattern, smoking, and inactivity, clearly require lifestyle change. Behavioral medicine screening and intervention have been applied to psychosocial risk factors such as depression, hostility, and social isolation. Appropriate assessment of risk factors is essential because research has demonstrated successful prevention of heart disease and reduction of morbidity and mortality in patients with existing disease. Behavioral interventions have been beneficial in improving cardiac outcomes by enhancing compliance with medication taking and dietary\/exercise recommendations. Future needs include the study of psychosocial factors in women and ethnic minorities with heart disease and the integration of behavioral medicine with newer medical technologies designed to detect subclinical biomarkers of heart disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445502238690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,28]],"date-time":"2003-04-28T06:52:02Z","timestamp":1051512722000},"page":"3-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Behavioral Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kristi D.","family":"Graves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90696-S"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90894-5"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Heart and mind: The practice of cardiac psychology","author":"Allan, R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"2001 heart and stroke statistical update","author":"American Heart Association","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(87)90029-5"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0106","volume":"62","author":"Ballenger, J. 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