{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:58:07Z","timestamp":1789988287136,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behav Modif"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the most commonly reported and successful behavioral interventions for tic disorders is habit reversal (HR). Several narrative literature reviews have adequately summarized the outcomes of these studies. The purpose of this articlewas to reviewstudies that usedHR to treat tics in terms of their methodological characteristics and rigor. Guidelines developed by the Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures were used to evaluate the state of the literature. From an initial database that included 29 studies, 12 were included in the final analysis. Results indicate that although research has been conducted in this area for almost three decades, the majority of studies contain considerable methodological shortcomings. Based on the Task Force guidelines, the existing literature on the use of HR to treat tics can currently be classified as probably efficacious, and it almost meets the criteria for the well-established classification. Directions for future research are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445505279238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,4]],"date-time":"2005-10-04T12:13:09Z","timestamp":1128427989000},"page":"858-875","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Habit Reversal Treatment of Tic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"James E.","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy M.","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Michigan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"72","volume":"9","author":"Aguilar, G.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ensenanza e Investigacion en Psicologia[Education and Investigation in Psychology]"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"27","volume":"16","author":"Araki, H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"51","volume":"11","author":"Araki, R.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(73)90119-8"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(80)90086-8"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(80)80017-7"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(80)90004-2"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Tourette\u2019s syndrome and tic disorders: Clinical understanding and treatment","author":"Azrin, N. 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