{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:32:41Z","timestamp":1777465961636,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behav Modif"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Anxiety sensitivity (AS), defined as the extent to which individuals believe that anxiety-related sensations have harmful consequences, is associated with smoking processes and poorer clinical outcomes among trauma-exposed smokers. Yet the specific mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Smoking-specific avoidance and inflexibility is a construct implicated in multiple manifestations of mood regulation that may underlie smoking behavior. The current study examined the explanatory role of smoking-specific avoidance and inflexibility in terms of the relation between AS and indices of smoking behavior among trauma-exposed smokers. The sample consisted of 217 treatment-seeking adult smokers (44% female; M age = 37.8; SD = 13.2; age range: 18-65 years), who were exposed to at least one lifetime Criterion A trauma event ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR] Criterion A for trauma exposure). Bootstrap analysis (5,000 re-samples) revealed that AS was indirectly related to the (a) number of cigarettes smoked per day, (b) number of years being a daily smoker, (c) number of failed quit attempts, and (d) heaviness of smoking index among trauma-exposed smokers through its relation with smoking-specific avoidance and inflexibility. These findings provide initial evidence suggesting that smoking-specific avoidance and inflexibility may be an important construct in better understanding AS\u2013smoking relations among trauma-exposed smokers. Future work is needed to explore the extent to which smoking-specific avoidance and inflexibility account for relations between AS and other smoking processes (e.g., withdrawal, cessation outcome) in the context of trauma and smoking comorbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445515612402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T21:53:45Z","timestamp":1446674025000},"page":"218-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anxiety Sensitivity and Smoking Behavior Among Trauma-Exposed Daily Smokers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jafar","family":"Bakhshaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Zvolensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anka A.","family":"Vujanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman B.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0145445515612402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455960204001"},{"key":"bibr2-0145445515612402","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-0145445515612402","volume-title":"The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary health care","author":"Babor T. 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