{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:36:04Z","timestamp":1777466164932,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behav Modif"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To our knowledge, no studies on health conditions in U.S. military firefighters exist. Data and demographics from the Defense Medical Epidemiology Database were analyzed on several shared medical issues among military personnel and civilian firefighters. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square goodness of fit tests were conducted to support study aims. Between 2001 and 2015, substantial incidence rate increases (per 10,000) of tinnitus, PTSD, insomnia, and OSA (2005\u20132015) were observed. Modest to large increases in depressive disorders, adjustment reaction, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder were observed. Decreasing rates were observed for alcohol dependence, hypertension, and tobacco use disorder. While efforts have examined the impact of sustained operations on military members, first responder military subgroups like firefighters are deficient. Cognitive Behavior Therapy interventions are efficacious for preventing and reducing behavioral health problems; therefore, tailoring them specifically for U.S. military firefighters could significantly improve quality of life and long-term health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455211033515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T07:13:47Z","timestamp":1626938027000},"page":"453-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Behavioral and Occupational Health in Military Firefighters: An Understudied Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0273-7236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennesaw State University, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason L.","family":"Judkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari-Amanda","family":"Dyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennesaw State University, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schlenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennesaw State University, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casey L.","family":"Straud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"},{"name":"University of Texas at San Antonio, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Mysliwiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan L.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"},{"name":"University of Texas at San Antonio, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monty T.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.81"},{"key":"bibr2-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4534"},{"key":"bibr3-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA582287"},{"key":"bibr4-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199504000-00014"},{"key":"bibr5-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08995600903249149"},{"key":"bibr6-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318225898f"},{"key":"bibr7-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy398"},{"key":"bibr8-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.03.009"},{"key":"bibr9-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.05.028"},{"key":"bibr10-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2008.11.007"},{"key":"bibr11-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.4.2.131"},{"key":"bibr12-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370600679512"},{"key":"bibr13-01454455211033515","volume-title":"US fire department profile 2018","author":"Evarts B.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr14-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1370"},{"key":"bibr15-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaderman A. M., Engel C. C., Naifeh J. A., Nock M. K., Petukhova M., Santiago P. N., Wu B., Zaslavsky A. M., Kessler R. C. (2012). Prevalence of DSM-IV major depression among U.S. military personnel: Meta-analysis and simulation. Military Medicine, 177, 47\u201359. https:\/\/doi-org.mrdc.idm.oclc.org\/10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00103","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00103"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr16-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.55460\/ZMF1-LOAH","volume":"18","author":"Grier T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Special Operations Medicine"},{"key":"bibr17-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000366"},{"key":"bibr18-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000980"},{"key":"bibr19-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqs162"},{"key":"bibr20-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X15583070"},{"key":"bibr21-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2015.76.360"},{"key":"bibr22-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20972"},{"key":"bibr23-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2017.07.003"},{"key":"bibr24-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370310001625649"},{"key":"bibr25-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pro0000072"},{"key":"bibr26-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2165079916629975"},{"key":"bibr27-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.6.663"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr28-01454455211033515","first-page":"1013","volume":"2","author":"Jahnke S. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse and Alcoholism"},{"key":"bibr29-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203958"},{"key":"bibr30-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu131"},{"key":"bibr31-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pro0000266"},{"key":"bibr32-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2018.06.007"},{"key":"bibr33-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22558"},{"key":"bibr34-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.296"},{"key":"bibr35-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.42.4.10"},{"key":"bibr36-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026414"},{"key":"bibr37-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22166"},{"key":"bibr38-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore B. A., Brock M., Brager A., Collen J., LoPresti M., Mysliwiec M. (2020). PTSD, TBI, sleep, and performance in military personnel. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 15(1), 87\u2013100 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016.j.jsmc.2019.11.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2019.11.004"},{"key":"bibr39-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa115"},{"key":"bibr40-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab024"},{"key":"bibr41-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2364"},{"key":"bibr42-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr43-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015286909111"},{"key":"bibr44-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.857"},{"key":"bibr45-01454455211033515","unstructured":"Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment. (2019). DoD fire and emergency services (F&ES) program (DoD 6055.06). U.S. Department of Defense. https:\/\/www.esd.whs.mil\/Portals\/54\/Documents\/DD\/issuances\/dodi\/605506p.pdf"},{"key":"bibr46-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.03.012"},{"key":"bibr47-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqu124"},{"key":"bibr48-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy147"},{"key":"bibr49-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09817-3_1","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical psychology in medical settings: Evidence based assessment and intervention","author":"Peterson A. L.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr50-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-805"},{"key":"bibr51-01454455211033515","unstructured":"POTFF Staff. (2019). About USSOCOM Preservation of the Force and Family (POTFF). Author. https:\/\/www.socom.mil\/POTFF\/Pages\/About-POTFF.aspx"},{"key":"bibr52-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200006000-00003"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr53-01454455211033515","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"Sharpe D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation"},{"key":"bibr54-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135910707X198793"},{"key":"bibr55-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.09.001"},{"key":"bibr56-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2003.02058.x"},{"key":"bibr57-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105320909861"},{"key":"bibr58-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000142"},{"key":"bibr59-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S204579601600024X"},{"key":"bibr60-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.12.1727"},{"key":"bibr61-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqy139"},{"key":"bibr62-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61180-X"},{"key":"bibr63-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12869"},{"key":"bibr64-01454455211033515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7148-0_5"}],"container-title":["Behavior Modification"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01454455211033515","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01454455211033515","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01454455211033515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:27:52Z","timestamp":1777382872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01454455211033515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01454455211033515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01454455211033515","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-4455","1552-4167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-4455","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]}}}