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Researchers examining virtual manipulative-based instructional sequences tend to focus on students documented with disabilities, as opposed to students at-risk or struggling with mathematics, as well as students\u2019 acquisition of the target skill, despite students experiencing learning in four stages: acquisition, fluency, maintenance, and generalization. This study explored the virtual-representational-abstract (VRA) instructional sequence across four stages of learning for three elementary students struggling in mathematics. In the single-case design study, researchers found a functional relationship between the VRA instructional sequence delivered online via explicit instruction and students\u2019 computational accuracy in their targeted area of mathematics need. Researchers also found limited influence on fluency rate or generalization to word problem accuracy but that students did maintain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455221129998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T06:52:39Z","timestamp":1668581559000},"page":"590-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the Virtual-Representational-Abstract Instructional Sequence Across the Learning Stages for Struggling Students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0515-7627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Bouck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukyung","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"Applied behavior analysis for teachers","author":"Alberto P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alberto P., Troutman A. 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