{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T14:25:04Z","timestamp":1782829504885,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behav Modif"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Complex motor stereotypies are rhythmic, repetitive, fixed, and non-goal directed movements (e.g., bilateral flapping\/waving movements of the hands\/arms). Movements typically begin in early childhood and can occur in otherwise normally developing (\u201cprimary\u201d) or autistic (\u201csecondary\u201d) children. Stereotypies persist, occur multiple times a day, have prolonged durations, can be socially stigmatizing, and may lead to bullying and isolation. Prior behavioral treatment studies have focused on older children (ages 6\u201312) and report modest reductions in stereotypy (i.e., between 14% and 33%). The current study involves the functional assessment and treatment of five children with Primary Complex Motor Stereotypy using a modified awareness training procedure, differential reinforcement of other behavior, and schedule thinning in a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design. Results suggest a 99% reduction of motor stereotypy from baseline across all participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455241255085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T12:24:31Z","timestamp":1717158271000},"page":"477-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and Validation of an Assessment-Driven Behavioral Intervention for Primary Complex Motor Stereotypies in Young Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6860-3068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Edelstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily D.","family":"Pogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey S.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2020.101611"},{"key":"bibr2-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.05.047"},{"key":"bibr3-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04058.x"},{"key":"bibr4-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26741\/abaespana\/2020.cooper3e"},{"key":"bibr5-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1992.25-777"},{"key":"bibr6-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2012.45-55"},{"key":"bibr7-01454455241255085","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Behavioral intervention for young children with autism","author":"Green G.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr8-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.12.008"},{"key":"bibr9-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.06.017"},{"key":"bibr10-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40614-022-00342-1"},{"key":"bibr11-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.06.014"},{"key":"bibr12-01454455241255085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller J. M., Singer H. S., Bridges D. D., Waranch H. R. (2006). Behavioral therapy for treatment of stereotypic movements in nonautistic children. 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