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As such, we conducted a systematic literature review of 14 single-case research studies involving FBI implementation in K-12 U.S. school settings to address challenging behavior among 18 students with ESN. To identify relevant peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, and theses published between 2006 and March 2025, we searched 10 online databases, reference lists of 10 published reviews, and 19 peer-reviewed journals. Descriptive analyses revealed school personnel involvement varied widely, with school personnel often assuming FBI implementer roles and researchers primarily leading functional behavior assessments. Findings may be limited due to the small number of studies and eligible students with ESN included in the analyses and the limited descriptions of student and study characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455261449774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T08:45:56Z","timestamp":1782290756000},"page":"423-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Systematic Review of School Personnel\u2019s Involvement in Function-Based Intervention for Students With Extensive Support Needs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3248-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia L.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3155-6752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2201-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan","family":"Edwards-Bowyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5545-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique","family":"Pinczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boise State University, ID, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3084-3194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyndsey","family":"Aiono-Conradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7120-0243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda R.","family":"Snodgrass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois State University, Normal, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloom S. 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