{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:18:44Z","timestamp":1792840724289,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with a nasal septal perforation often exhibit symptoms associated with disturbed airflow, which can have an adverse effect on the warming function of the nasal cavity. The impact of this effect is not fully understood. The warming function is an important factor in the maintenance of nasal physiology. We conducted a study to investigate the impact of septal perforations of various sizes and locations on the warming function during inspiration in 5 patients\u20143 men and 2 women, aged 25 to 47 years. Three-dimensional computed tomography and computational fluid dynamics were used to model the flux of communication and temperature, and differences among patients were compared. All 5 patients exhibited an impairment of their nasal warming function. As the size of the perforation increased, the flux of communication increased and the warming function decreased. Perforations located in an anterior position were associated with greater damage to the warming function than those in a posterior position. In patients with a large or anteriorly located perforation, airflow temperature in the nasopharynx was decreased. Our findings suggest that septal perforations not only induce airflow disturbance, but they also impair the nasal warming function. Further analysis of warming function is necessary to better explore flow mechanisms in patients with structural abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131609500906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T15:11:25Z","timestamp":1547046685000},"page":"E9-E14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Impact of Nasal Septal Perforations of Varying Sizes and Locations on the Warming Function of the Nasal Cavity: A Computational Fluid-Dynamics Analysis of 5 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunchuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, 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