{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:25:39Z","timestamp":1777562739455,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; Throat Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to categorize anomalous tympanic facial nerve (FN) on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to determinate the significance of associated temporal bone anomalies and congenital syndromes without microtia in patients with hearing loss. A retrospective analysis of HRCT findings in 30 temporal bones in 18 patients with anomalous FN was performed. Abnormalities of the tympanic FN were categorized as follows: category 1: FN medially positioned, but above the oval window; category 2: FN in the oval window niche; and category 3: FN below the oval window. Potential associated findings that were assessed included stapes abnormalities, oval window atresia, and inner ear anomalies, as well as the presence of a known congenital syndrome with hearing loss. The most common type of anomalous tympanic FN was category 1 (67%, n = 20), following by group 2 (20%, n = 6) and group 3 (13%, n = 4). Stapes anomalies were detected in 77% of temporal bones (n = 23), oval window atresia was detected in 43% of temporal bones (n = 13), and inner ear anomalies were detected in 70% of temporal bones (n = 21). Anomalous tympanic facial nerves in temporal bone with conductive hearing loss were often (60%) not associated with oval window atresia. The combination of aberrant tympanic FN and inner ear anomalies was significantly ( P = .038) associated with a known congenital syndrome (6 patients), including CHARGE syndrome, oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, Pierre-Robin sequences, and Down syndrome. Therefore, an anomalous tympanic FN in conjunction with inner ear anomalies appears to be a biomarker for certain congenital syndromes with hearing loss in the absence of microtia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319839899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T01:49:59Z","timestamp":1554774599000},"page":"340-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CT Imaging Categorization and Biomarker Study of Anomalous Tympanic Segment of the Facial Nerves in Patients With Hearing Loss in the Absence of Microtia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Nisa","family":"Oren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Thomas","family":"Ginat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bibr1-0145561319839899","first-page":"423","volume":"9","author":"Jahrsdoerfer RA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"bibr2-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130308201010"},{"key":"bibr3-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3181806414"},{"key":"bibr4-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182595282"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr5-0145561319839899","first-page":"322","volume":"21","author":"Zeifer B","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr6-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001342"},{"key":"bibr7-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25845"},{"key":"bibr8-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015140889"},{"key":"bibr9-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-005-0951-0"},{"key":"bibr10-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001448"},{"key":"bibr11-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000227501.78004.f6"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr12-0145561319839899","first-page":"101","volume":"58","author":"Szymanski M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med"},{"key":"bibr13-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199207000-00001"},{"key":"bibr14-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(98)90133-8"},{"key":"bibr15-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2011.04.016"},{"key":"bibr16-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/679708"},{"key":"bibr17-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.02.054"},{"key":"bibr18-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116009555"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr19-0145561319839899","first-page":"171","volume":"21","author":"Booth TN","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr20-0145561319839899","first-page":"E6","volume":"94","author":"Zhao S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"bibr21-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1568139"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr22-0145561319839899","first-page":"1663","volume":"27","author":"Morimoto AK","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"bibr23-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940511400805"},{"key":"bibr24-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1795-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr25-0145561319839899","first-page":"15","volume":"96","author":"Ginat DT","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"bibr26-0145561319839899","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2018.08.004"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; 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