{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:30:46Z","timestamp":1794324646651,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Upper airway foreign body is one of the most encountered clinical situations in otolaryngology practice. In rare conditions, a living organism may be a foreign body in the upper airway. In this study, we demonstrate 19 patients with leech infestations in nose, nasopharynx, and larynx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was enrolled with 19 patients between 2012 and 2016 in a regional state hospital. All of the patients were admitted to clinic with these complaints: epistaxis, hemoptysis, coughing, foreign body sensation, and bloody stool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 12 male and 7 female patients. The leech was in the nose in 12 patients, in nasopharynx in 6 patients, and in the larynx in only 1 patient. All leeches are removed under local anesthesia (except laryngeal presentation). No bleeding and complication were seen after extraction of leech.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leech can be easily diagnosed and managed in the upper aero-digestive tract without any complication and leech-associated disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319860527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T01:04:26Z","timestamp":1562115866000},"page":"NP126-NP128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Management of Upper Airway Leech Infestations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Kucuk","family":"Harun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Samsun Medicana International Hospital, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0145561319860527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S150503"},{"key":"bibr2-0145561319860527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2015.08.006"},{"key":"bibr3-0145561319860527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(02)00041-1"},{"key":"bibr4-0145561319860527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tpd.2015.3614"},{"key":"bibr5-0145561319860527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1188-0"},{"key":"bibr6-0145561319860527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08880010390232763"},{"key":"bibr7-0145561319860527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90265-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr8-0145561319860527","first-page":"156","volume":"26","author":"Mansoor SN","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"bibr9-0145561319860527","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v25i4.13"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; Throat Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0145561319860527","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0145561319860527","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0145561319860527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:37:37Z","timestamp":1777401457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0145561319860527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0145561319860527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145561319860527","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-5613","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]}}}