{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:07:41Z","timestamp":1782914861690,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]],"date-time":"2019-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569715200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head and neck paraganglioma is a rare neoplasm of the paraganglia. It accounts for &lt;1% of all head and neck tumors. It usually has benign clinical course; however, malignant paraganglioma can only be diagnosed by showing metastatic disease. We undertook a retrospective study to assess the clinical significance of regional lymph nodes metastases in head and neck paragangliomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1993 to 2016, primary head and neck paragangliomas are identified. The patient clinical and histopathologic materials were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-five specimens from 62 patients (3 patients with more than 1 specimens) with head and neck paragangliomas were recorded (49 female and 13 males) with mean age of 54 (24-78 years). The locations of the tumors were as follows: carotid body: 30, glomus tympanicum: 11, glomus jugulare: 14, parapharyngeal space: 3, and 1 case each of larynx, skull base, paraglottic area, infratemporal fossa, mastoid, cerebellopontine (CP) angle, and pyriform sinus. On histopathology, we found 5 cases of sclerosing variant. Thirty-two (52%) of the 62 patients had regional lymph node biopsy. Four (12%) of the 32 show metastatic paraganglioma (3 females and 1 male with mean age = 35). Two of the 5 cases of sclerosing variant had positive lymph nodes. No evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis in the patients with positive lymph nodes with a 6 to 11 years follow-up. One of the 28 patients with negative lymph nodes developed metastatic disease to lumbar spine in 5 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metastatic paraganglioma to regional lymph nodes may have indolent clinical behavior, with disease-free survival of up to 11 years. The incidence of metastatic disease in lymph nodes was 4 (12%) of 32. Forty percent (2\/5) of the cases with sclerosing variant of paraganglioma had lymph node metastases indicating that this tumor may have a more aggressive histological behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319863373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T18:53:53Z","timestamp":1569869633000},"page":"447-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Is Regional Lymph Node Metastasis of Head and Neck Paraganglioma a Sign of Aggressive Clinical Behavior: A Clinical\/Pathologic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1154-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Javidiparsijani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlen","family":"Brickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Murro","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prih","family":"Rohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Ghai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pincas","family":"Bitterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Reddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"AL-Khudari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gattuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0145561319863373","unstructured":"Pacak K, Tella SH. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. In: De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, et al. eds. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth, MA: MDText.com; 2000. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK481899\/. Updated January 4, 2018.Accessed January 1, 2018."},{"key":"bibr2-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.147"},{"key":"bibr3-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-015-0621-5"},{"key":"bibr4-0145561319863373","unstructured":"Gellert LL. Paraganglioma. PathologyOutlines.com website. 2019. http:\/\/www.pathologyoutlines.com\/topic\/adrenalparaganglioma.html. Accessed July 31, 2018."},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr5-0145561319863373","first-page":"EC01","volume":"10","author":"Kulkarni MM","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"bibr6-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000174012.37439.c7"},{"key":"bibr7-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.07.018"},{"key":"bibr8-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2013.05.003"},{"key":"bibr9-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2015.06.004"},{"key":"bibr10-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215117000809"},{"key":"bibr11-0145561319863373","first-page":"728","volume-title":"Head and Neck Pathology, A Volume in the Series: Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology","author":"Vickie Y Jo","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr12-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2016.06.01"},{"key":"bibr13-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/kbbihtisas.2015.06432"},{"key":"bibr14-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941112000606"},{"key":"bibr15-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10252"},{"key":"bibr16-0145561319863373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.02.020"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; Throat Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0145561319863373","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0145561319863373","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0145561319863373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:37:28Z","timestamp":1777401448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0145561319863373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0145561319863373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145561319863373","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-5613","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]]}}}